{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:49:19Z","timestamp":1782773359947,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["ECS0000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS0000038"]}]},{"name":"the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["CUP F53C22000430001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F53C22000430001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["ECS0000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS0000038"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["CUP F53C22000430001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F53C22000430001"]}]},{"name":"Grant Assignment Decree No. 1056","award":["ECS0000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS0000038"]}]},{"name":"Grant Assignment Decree No. 1056","award":["CUP F53C22000430001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F53C22000430001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The mortality rate can be significantly reduced if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, in many underdeveloped countries, the detection of malaria parasites from blood smears is still performed manually by experienced hematologists. This process is time-consuming and error-prone. In recent years, deep-learning-based object-detection methods have shown promising results in automating this task, which is critical to ensure diagnosis and treatment in the shortest possible time. In this paper, we propose a novel Transformer- and attention-based object-detection architecture designed to detect malaria parasites with high efficiency and precision, focusing on detecting several parasite sizes. The proposed method was tested on two public datasets, namely MP-IDB and IML. The evaluation results demonstrated a mean average precision exceeding 83.6% on distinct Plasmodium species within MP-IDB and reaching nearly 60% on IML. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our proposed architecture in automating malaria parasite detection, offering a potential breakthrough in expediting diagnosis and treatment processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9120266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1701337074000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["YOLO-PAM: Parasite-Attention-Based Model for Efficient Malaria Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8488-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Zedda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Loddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Di Ruberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-269","article-title":"Comparison of real-time PCR and microscopy for malaria parasite detection in Malawian pregnant women","volume":"9","author":"Rantala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar. 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