{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:11:51Z","timestamp":1775121111001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Samsung Electronics of Amazonia Ltda","award":["Federal Law n\u00ba8.387\/1991, through agreement n\u00ba003\/2019, signed with ICOMP\/UFAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Federal Law n\u00ba8.387\/1991, through agreement n\u00ba003\/2019, signed with ICOMP\/UFAM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are designed to provide solutions for location-based services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning systems are the most widespread around the globe and are commonly found to have a ready-to-use infrastructure composed mostly of access points (APs). They advertise useful information, such as the received signal strength (RSS), that is processed by adequate location algorithms, which are not always capable of achieving the desired localization error only by themselves. In this sense, this paper proposes a new method to improve the accuracy of IPSs by optimizing the arrangement of APs over the environment using an enhanced probability-based algorithm. From the assumption that a log-distance path loss model can reasonably describe, on average, the distribution of RSS throughout the environment, we build a simulation framework to analyze the impact, on the accuracy, of the main factors that constitute the positioning algorithm, such as the number of reference points (RPs) and the number of samples of RSS collected per test point. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution, a real-world testbed dataset is used for validation. The obtained results for accuracy show that the trends verified via simulation strongly correlate to the verified in the dataset processing when allied with an optimal configuration of APs. This indicates our method is capable of providing an optimal factor combination\u2014through early simulations\u2014for the design of more efficient IPSs that rely on a probability-based positioning algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan10010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Factor Optimization for the Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Using a Probability-Based Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Br\u00e1ulio Henrique O. U. V.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil"},{"name":"Sidia Institute of Science and Technology, Manaus 69055-035, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9777-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hor\u00e1cio A. B. F.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo J. P.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.905750","article-title":"Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part Appl. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagnano, D., Destino, G., and Abreu, G. (2014, January 6\u20138). Indoor positioning: A key enabling technology for IoT applications. 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