{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:18:25Z","timestamp":1760170705476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"COPEL DIS. S.A.","award":["P&D 2866-0468\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P&D 2866-0468\/2017"]}]},{"name":"UTFPR","award":["P&D 2866-0468\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P&D 2866-0468\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes an autonomous management system for distributed generation (DG) systems connected to the AC grid, using supervisory control theory (SCT). SCT is used to deal with discrete asynchronous events that modify the properties and operational conditions of these systems. The proposed management layer allows the smart inverters to interact with smart grid managers (SGMs), while guaranteeing operation compliance with the IEEE Standards. The implemented supervisor for the management layer is an automaton that performs the smart inverter manager (SIM) functions in the photovoltaic systems in discrete events. A DSP real-time verification was performed with Typhoon HIL 602+ to demonstrate the smart inverter\u2019s operating dynamics connected to the grid. The results showed the fast response and robust operation of the smart inverter manager to the commands from the smart grid manager.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan10040064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:07:21Z","timestamp":1636672041000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Supervisory Layer for Improved Interactivity of Distributed Generation Inverters with Smart Grids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson Giovani","family":"Carati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR-PPGEE, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Emanuel Soares","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR-PPGEE, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR-PPGEE, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Marcelo","family":"de Oliveira Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR-PPGEE, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Patric","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR-PPGEE, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed Hariri, M.H., Mat Desa, M.K., Masri, S., and Mohd Zainuri, M.A.A. 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