{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:52:31Z","timestamp":1780764751933,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, contract number 33-1-26\/9 (Moscow, Russia)","award":["contract number 33-1-26\/9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract number 33-1-26\/9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the recent advances in the fifth-generation cellular system (5G), enabling vehicular communications has become a demand. The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a promising paradigm that enables the communication and interaction between vehicles and other surrounding devices, e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. However, enabling such networks faces many challenges due to the mobility of vehicles. One of these challenges is the design of handover schemes that manage the communications at the intersection of coverage regions. To this end, this work considers developing a novel seamless and efficient handover scheme for V2X-based networks. The developed scheme manages the handover process while vehicles move between two neighboring roadside units (RSU). The developed mechanism is introduced for multilane bidirectional roads. The developed scheme is implemented by multiple-access edge computing (MEC) units connected to the RSUs to improve the implementation time and make the handover process faster. The considered MEC platform deploys an MEC controller that implements a control scheme of the software-defined networking (SDN) controller that manages the network. The SDN paradigm is introduced to make the handover process seamless; however, implementing such a controlling scheme by the introduction of an MEC controller achieves the process faster than going through the core network. The developed handover scheme was evaluated over the reliable platform of NS-3, and the results validated the developed scheme. The results obtained are presented and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan11010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Seamless Handover Scheme for MEC\/SDN-Based Vehicular Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nirmin","family":"Monir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Toraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Vladyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fundamental Training, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0213-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Muthanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Torad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Electronic Engineering Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City 44629, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathi E. Abd","family":"El-Samie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhamied A.","family":"Ateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107372","article-title":"A survey on 5G\/6G, AI, and Robotics","volume":"95","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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