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surface and underwater environments. The development of the smart ocean is expected to support a variety of marine applications and services such as resource exploration, marine disaster rescuing, and environment monitoring. However, the complex and dynamic marine environments and the limited network resources raise new challenges in marine communication and computing, especially for these computing-intensive and delay-sensitive tasks. Recently, the space\u2013air\u2013ground\u2013sea integrated networks have been envisioned as a promising network framework to enhance the communication and computing performance. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the integrated sensing, communication, and computing networks (ISCCNs) for smart oceans based on the collaboration of space\u2013air\u2013ground\u2013sea networks from four domains (i.e., space layer, aerial layer, sea surface layer, and underwater layer), and five aspects (i.e., sensing-related, communication-related, computation-related, security-related, and application-related). Specifically, we provide the key technologies for the ISCCNs in smart oceans, and introduce the state-of-the-art marine sensing, communication, and computing paradigms. The emerging challenges with the potential solutions of the ISCCNs for smart oceans are illustrated to enable the intelligent services. Moreover, the new applications for the ISCCNs in smart oceans are discussed, and potential research directions in smart oceans are provided for future works.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan11040070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T05:11:33Z","timestamp":1666761093000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Survey on Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computing Networks for Smart Oceans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minghui","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Computer Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Computer Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5659-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peichun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Computer Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Computer Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"},{"name":"Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-2617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4297","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2946618","article-title":"Underwater Internet of Things in smart ocean: System architecture and open issues","volume":"16","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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