{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:14:02Z","timestamp":1760148842254,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The modern electronic device antenna poses challenges regarding broader bandwidth and isolation due to its multiple features and seamless user experience. A compact vase-shaped two-port ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented in this work. A circular monopole antenna is modified by embedding the multiple curved segments onto the radiator and rectangular slotted ground plane to develop impedance matching in the broader bandwidth from 4 to 12.1 GHz. The UWB monopole antenna is recreated horizontally with a separation of less than a quarter wavelength of 0.13 \u03bb (\u03bb computed at 4 GHz) to create a UWB multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna with a geometry of 20 \u00d7 29 \u00d7 1.6 mm3. The isolation in the UWB MIMO antenna is enhanced by inserting an inverted pendulum-shaped parasitic element on the ground plane. This modified ground plane acts as a decoupling structure and provides isolation below 21 dB across the 5\u201313.5 GHz operating frequency. The proposed UWB MIMO antenna\u2019s significant modes and their contribution to antenna radiation are analyzed by characteristic mode analysis. Further, the proposed antenna is investigated for MIMO diversity features, and its values are found to be ECC &lt; 0.002, DG \u2248 10 dB, TARC &lt; \u221210 dB, CCL &lt; 0.3 bps\/Hz, and MEG &lt; \u22123 dB. The proposed antenna\u2019s time domain characteristics in different antenna orientations show a group delay of less than 1 ns and a fidelity factor larger than 0.9.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan12030047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1686880940000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characteristic-Mode-Analysis-Based Compact Vase-Shaped Two-Element UWB MIMO Antenna Using a Unique DGS for Wireless Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhash Bodaguru","family":"Kempanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of ECE, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajashekhar C.","family":"Biradar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of ECE, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9867-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameena","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanweer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galvan-Tejada, G.M., Peyrot-Solis, M.A., and Aguilar, H.J. 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