{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:41:14Z","timestamp":1768405274913,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article is aimed at designing an inventive compact-size quad-port antenna that can be operated within terahertz (THz) frequency spectra for a 6G high-speed wireless communication link. The single-element antenna comprises a lotus-petal-like radiating patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) on a 20 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 2 \u00b5m3 polyamide substrate and is designed to operate within the 8.96\u201313.5 THz frequency range. The THz antenna is deployed for a two-port MIMO configuration having a size of 46 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 2 \u00b5m3 with interelement separation of less than a quarter-wavelength of 0.18\u03bb (\u03bb at 9 THz). The two-port configuration operates in the 9\u201313.25 THz frequency range, with better than \u221225 dB isolation. Further, the two-port THz antenna is mirrored vertically with a separation of 0.5\u03bb to form the four-port MIMO configuration. The proposed four-port THz antenna has dimensions of 46 \u00d7 46 \u00d7 2 \u00b5m3 and operates in the frequency range of 9\u201313 THz. Isolation improvement better than \u221225 dB is realized by incorporating parasitic elements onto the ground plane. Performance analysis of the proposed antenna in terms of MIMO diversity parameters, viz., envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) &lt; 0.05, diversity gain (DG) \u2248 10, mean effective gain (MEG) &lt; \u22123 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) &lt; \u221210 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) &lt; 0.3 bps\/Hz, and multiplexing efficiency (ME) &lt; 0 dB, is performed to justify the appropriateness of the proposed antenna for MIMO applications. The antenna has virtuous radiation properties with good gain, which is crucial for any wireless communication system, especially for the THz communication network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan12050069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jeenal","family":"Raghunath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanweer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Parveez","family":"Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9867-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameena","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tripathi, S., Sabu, N.V., Gupta, A.K., and Dhillon, H.S. 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