{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:49Z","timestamp":1760146789261,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Directorate for Armament (DGA), Ministry of the Armies","award":["PDH-1-SAN-1-2311","PDH-1-MRH-1-2203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDH-1-SAN-1-2311","PDH-1-MRH-1-2203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infrared thermography is a non-invasive measurement method that can accurately describe immediate temperature changes of an object. In the case of continuous in vivo hand measurements, extracting correct thermal data requires a first step of image segmentation to identify regions of interest. This step can be difficult due to parasitic hand movements. It is therefore necessary to regularly readjust the segmented areas throughout the recording. This process is time-consuming and presents a particular obstacle to studying a large number of areas of the hand and long duration sequences. In this work, we propose an automated segmentation methodology that can automatically detect these regions on the hand. This method differs from previous literature because it uses a secondary visual camera and a combination of computer vision and machine learning feature identification. The obtained segmentation models were compared to models segmented by two human operators via Dice and Intersection-over-Union coefficients. The results obtained are very positive: we were able to decompose the images acquired via IRT with our developed algorithms, regardless of the temperature variation, and this with processing times of less than a second. Thus, this technology can be used to study the long-term thermal kinetics of the human hand by automatic feature detection, even in situations where the hand temperature experiences a significant variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan13060086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1734413162000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Automated Semantic Segmentation Methodology for Infrared Thermography Analysis of the Human Hand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Melchior","family":"Arnal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LyRIDS, ECE Paris, 10 Rue Sextius Michel, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"RACER 1927, 1 rue de la Forge, 13300 Salon-de-Provence, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 1 Place G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Val\u00e9rie Andr\u00e9, 91223 Br\u00e9tigny sur Orge, France"}]},{"given":"Cyprien","family":"Bourrilhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 1 Place G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Val\u00e9rie Andr\u00e9, 91223 Br\u00e9tigny sur Orge, France"},{"name":"UMR LBEPS, Universit\u00e9 Evry Paris-Saclay, 28 Bd Fran\u00e7ois Mitterand, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6534-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Beauchamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 1 Place G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Val\u00e9rie Andr\u00e9, 91223 Br\u00e9tigny sur Orge, France"},{"name":"URP 7330 VIFASOM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, H\u00f4tel Dieu, Parvis Notre Dame, 74004 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Sauvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 1 Place G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Val\u00e9rie Andr\u00e9, 91223 Br\u00e9tigny sur Orge, France"},{"name":"URP 7330 VIFASOM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, H\u00f4tel Dieu, Parvis Notre Dame, 74004 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Zahouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Syst\u00e8mes, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR-CNRS 5513, 69134 Lyon, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9263-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coralie","family":"Thieulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LyRIDS, ECE Paris, 10 Rue Sextius Michel, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Syst\u00e8mes, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR-CNRS 5513, 69134 Lyon, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.03.007","article-title":"Medical Applications of Infrared Thermography: A Review","volume":"55","author":"Lahiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. 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