{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T10:56:13Z","timestamp":1778410573556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Food Science of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences"},{"name":"the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund and the Visegrad Fund supported \u201cFood Quality in Digital Age\u201d project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid growth of the human population, the increase in consumer needs regarding food authenticity, and the sub-par synchronization between agricultural and food industry production necessitate the development of reliable track and tracing solutions for food commodities. The present research proposes a simple and affordable digital system that could be implemented in most production processes to improve transparency and productivity. The system combines non-destructive, rapid quality assessment methods, such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and computer\/machine vision (CV\/MV), with track and tracing functionalities revolving around the Internet of Things (IoT) and radio frequency identification (RFID). Meanwhile, authenticity is provided by a self-developed blockchain-based solution that validates all data and documentation \u201cfrom farm to fork\u201d. The system is introduced by taking certified Hungarian sweet potato production as a model scenario. Each element of the proposed system is discussed in detail individually and as a part of an integrated system, capable of automatizing most production flows while maintaining complete transparency and compliance with authority requirements. The results include the data and trust model of the system with sequence diagrams simulating the interactions between participants. The study lays the groundwork for future research and industrial applications combining digital tools to improve the productivity and authenticity of the agri-food industry, potentially increasing the level of trust between participants, most importantly for the consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan14010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T07:48:22Z","timestamp":1739778502000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Advanced Digital Solutions for Food Traceability: Enhancing Origin, Quality, and Safety Through NIRS, RFID, Blockchain, and IoT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9613-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matyas","family":"Lukacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Gyula","family":"Solymos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpha Management Advisory, 1115 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Bogl\u00e1rka","family":"Alp\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cibus Hungaricus Foundation, 9200 Mosonmagyar\u00f3v\u00e1r, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Cibus Hungaricus Foundation, 9200 Mosonmagyar\u00f3v\u00e1r, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istvan","family":"Kertesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Gillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laszlo","family":"Baranyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozsef","family":"Felfoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Cibus Hungaricus Foundation, 9200 Mosonmagyar\u00f3v\u00e1r, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8548-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quang D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0641-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Measurement and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Products and Food Preservation Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-11-2018-0747","article-title":"From Precision Agriculture to Industry 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