{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:52:17Z","timestamp":1781715137107,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming how organisations and individuals connect and interact with digital ecosystems, especially in sectors like healthcare and banking. While technological benefits have been widely discussed, the societal and organisational impacts of IoT adoption remain underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) of 110 peer-reviewed publications from 2012 to 2024 across four major academic databases. The review identifies and categorises the key applications of IoT, its social and organisational drivers, and the challenges of its implementation within the healthcare and banking sectors. The analysis reveals that critical barriers to IoT adoption include security, privacy, interoperability, and legal compliance, alongside concerns around workforce displacement and trust. This study also introduces the 5Cs framework\u2014connectivity, continuity, compliance, coexistence, and cybersecurity\u2014as a practical lens for addressing these challenges. The findings highlight the need for responsible IoT integration that balances innovation with ethical, social, and organisational accountability. Implications of this research inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on how to design human-centric and socially sustainable IoT strategies in sensitive sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan14030046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:17:16Z","timestamp":1745489836000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Socio-Organisational Challenges and Impacts of IoT: A Review in Healthcare and Banking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tahera","family":"Kalsoom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Fashion Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naeem","family":"Ramzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehzad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi Women\u2019s Campus, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeem","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazanfar Ali","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masood","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, M., Shakil, K.A., and Khan, S. (2020). Internet of Things (IoT): Concepts and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37468-6"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10973","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051418","article-title":"Internet of things for agricultural applications: The state of the art","volume":"8","author":"Ojha","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Future Market Insights (2025, April 16). The Enterprise IoT Market. Available online: https:\/\/www.globaltrademag.com\/the-enterprise-iot-market-has-been-anticipated-to-rise-at-a-cagr-of-13-from-2023-to-2033-surpassing-us-2021-19-billion-by-2033\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, M.A., Hussain, S., and Abbasi, Q.H. (2019). Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution. Wiley-IEEE Press.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119552635"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5222","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3307073","article-title":"Galaxy: A scalable bft and privacy-preserving pub\/sub iot data sharing framework based on blockchain","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalsoom, T., Ahmed, S., Shan, P.M.R.U., Azmat, M., Akhtar, P., Pervez, Z., Imran, M.A., and Ur-Rehman, M. (2021). Impact of iot on manufacturing industry 4.0: A new triangular systematic review. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212506"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2997832","article-title":"Intelligent edge computing in internet of vehicles: A joint computation offloading and caching solution","volume":"22","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2764259","article-title":"A cooperative quality-aware service access system for social internet of vehicles","volume":"5","author":"Ning","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3020645","article-title":"Mobile edge computing enabled 5g health monitoring for internet of medical things: A decentralized game theoretic approach","volume":"39","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/MTS.2023.3306528","article-title":"Data for societal good: A contextual approach","volume":"42","author":"Kaefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butun, I. (2020). Industrial IoT: Challenges, Design Principles, Applications, and Security, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42500-5"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2022.3191515","article-title":"Trends for mobile iot crowdsourcing privacy and security in the big data era","volume":"3","author":"Sodagari","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, W., Rabaey, J., and Aarts, E. (2005). Social economic and ethical implications of ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing. Ambient Intelligence, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/b138670"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2019.01.003","article-title":"Leveraging internet of things and big data analytics initiatives in european and american firms: Is data quality a way to extract business value?","volume":"57","author":"Ruivo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104930","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3318014","article-title":"Iot-based multi-dimensional chaos mapping system for secure and fast transmission of visual data in smart cities","volume":"11","author":"Ahuja","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5656","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2974829","article-title":"Ubiquitous and low power vehicles speed monitoring for intelligent transport systems","volume":"20","author":"Choy","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2020.103292","article-title":"Privacy and the internet of things\u2014An experiment in discrete choice","volume":"58","author":"Goad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9036","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2922409","article-title":"Sensing, controlling, and IoT infrastructure in smart building: A review","volume":"19","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7771","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2919352","article-title":"Sensors and systems for wearable environmental monitoring toward IoT-enabled ap-plications: A review","volume":"19","author":"Mamun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.10.028","article-title":"Mobile crowd sensing-taxonomy, applications, challenges and solutions","volume":"101","author":"Boubiche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, M.A., Sambo, Y.A., and Abbasi, Q.H. (2019). Enabling 5G Communication Systems to Support Vertical Industries, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119515579"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Vermesan, O., and Friess, P. (2014). Internet of Things Applications\u2014From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment, River Publishers."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"39","article-title":"The societal impact of internet of things","volume":"8","author":"Crump","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chart. Inst. IT"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.09.015","article-title":"Review of IoT applications in agro-industrial and environmental fields","volume":"142","author":"Talavera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"5","article-title":"The internet of things: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internet Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2019.1695941","article-title":"The internet of things and economic growth in a panel of countries","volume":"30","author":"Edquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ. Innov. New Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s40812-019-00124-y","article-title":"A systemic perspective on socioeconomic transformation in the digital age","volume":"46","author":"Strohmaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03935","article-title":"Estimating the impact of the internet of things on productivity in europe","volume":"6","author":"Espinoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2877217","article-title":"Distributed real-time iot for autonomous vehicles","volume":"15","author":"Philip","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medina, A., Camara, A., and Monrobel, J. (2016). Measuring the socio-economic and environmental effects of energy efficiency in-vestments for a more sustainable spanish economy. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8101039"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065547","article-title":"Computer networks as social networks","volume":"293","author":"Wellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"PwC (2025, March 16). Study to Examine the Socio-Economic Impact of Copernicus in the EU. European Commission, Tech. Rep. Available online: https:\/\/www.copernicus.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-10\/Copernicus_Report_Downstream_Sector_October_2016_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18563","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3246065","article-title":"Internet of things (iot)-based smart healthcare system for efficient diagnostics of health parameters of patients in emergency care","volume":"10","author":"Balasundaram","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.02.015","article-title":"A socio-economic analysis of Smart Infrastructure sensor technology","volume":"31","author":"Morimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"BSR (2025, January 10). Socioeconomic Impacts of Wireless Technology. CTIA\u2013The Wireless Association, Tech. Rep. Available online: https:\/\/www.bsr.org\/en\/reports\/socioeconomic-impacts-of-wireless-technology."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2016.11.003","article-title":"The internet of things: A review and research directions","volume":"34","author":"Irene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Mark."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Kanti, T., Giri, J.N., Bhatia, H., Pandit, J., and Gupta, A. (2017). Technological and Managerial Strategies for Next Generation Transformation, Bloomsbury."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8332","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2917226","article-title":"Blockchain in iot systems: End-to-end delay evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Alaslani","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9492-7","article-title":"Internet of things: A survey","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6586","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3163514","article-title":"Dual-task network embeddings for influence prediction in social internet of things","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rega, F.G. (2017). The Bank of the Future, the Future of Banking\u2014An Empirical Analysis of European Banks, SSRN.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3071742"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.07.011","article-title":"A systematic literature review of studies on business process modelling quality","volume":"58","author":"Oca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.10.023","article-title":"Building information midelling for existing buildings\u2014Literature review and future needs","volume":"38","author":"Volk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"012028","article-title":"A wireless sensor network for urban environmental health monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Rainham","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOP Sci. Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y., and Lim, Y. (2015, January 28\u201330). Resource management mechanism for sla provisioning on cloud computing for iot. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), Jeju, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2015.7354595"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2389854","article-title":"A survey on internet of things from industrial market perspective","volume":"2","author":"Perera","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2312291","article-title":"Research directions for the internet of things","volume":"1","author":"Stankovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"The internet of financial things: Today and future perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Citak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Theor. Appl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yifter, T., Mengstenew, M., Yoseph, S., and Moges, W. (2023). Modeling and simulation of queuing system to improve service quality at commercial bank of Ethiopia. Cogent Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2023.2274522"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"50","article-title":"Asset management based on internet of things","volume":"137","author":"Kadge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1108\/FS-03-2017-0010","article-title":"Big data and internet of things technologies in omani banks: A case study","volume":"19","author":"Saxena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10079","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2992464","article-title":"Continuous subsurface tomography over cellular internet of things (iot)","volume":"20","author":"Campman","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11632","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2998157","article-title":"Smartconnector: A self-powered iot solution to ease predictive maintenance in substations","volume":"20","author":"Kadechkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2954746","article-title":"Low-cost diaper wetness detection using hydrogel-based rfid tags","volume":"20","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2910750","article-title":"Demystifying iot security: An exhaustive survey on iot vulnerabilities and a first empirical look on internet-scale iot exploitations","volume":"21","author":"Neshenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.12.004","article-title":"Understanding the internet of things: Definition, potentials, and societal role of a fast evolving paradigm","volume":"56","author":"Atzori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ad. Hoc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2502401","article-title":"Bsn-care: A secure iot-based modern healthcare system using body sensor network","volume":"16","author":"Gope","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111341","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2904006","article-title":"The effect of security, privacy, familiarity, and trust on users? attitudes toward the use of the iot-based healthcare: The mediation role of risk perception","volume":"7","author":"Alraja","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Balas, V.E., and Pal, S. (2020). Healthcare Paradigms in the Internet of Things Ecosystem, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144500","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940622","article-title":"An iot-based intelligent wound monitoring system","volume":"7","author":"Sattar","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24123","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3314656","article-title":"Recent advances and challenges in internet of things (iot)-based smartphone biosensors for COVID-19 and zika viruses detection: A review","volume":"23","author":"Dehghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"3101","article-title":"Voice activated iot devices for healthcare: Design challenges and emerging applications","volume":"69","author":"Spachos","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Socio-economic impact of cloud enabled internet of things: The total economic impact of iot for microsoft","volume":"2","author":"Sedov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forrester Study Total Econ. Impact"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.03.094","article-title":"A review of challenges and barriers implementing RFID technology in the Healthcare sector","volume":"170","author":"Abugabah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2749883","article-title":"A survey of potential security issues in existing wireless sensor network protocols","volume":"4","author":"Tomic","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300124","article-title":"Role of iot in the ages of digital to smart cities: Security challenges and countermeasures","volume":"7","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things Mag."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3113387","article-title":"Capitalize your data: Optimal selling mechanisms for iot data exchange","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"BIMCS2015119","article-title":"Internet of things:impact on economy","volume":"1","author":"Saidu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Math. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2694844","article-title":"A survey on security and privacy issues in internet-of-things","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2498900","article-title":"Middleware for internet of things: A survey","volume":"3","author":"Razzaque","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Tony, D. (2025, February 11). Morgan Stanley: 75 Billion Devices Will Be Connected to the Internet of Things by 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/75-billion-devices-will-be-connected-to-the-internet-by-2020-2013-10."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121195","article-title":"Smart territories and iot adoption by local authorities: A question of trust, efficiency, and relationship with the citizen- user-taxpayer","volume":"174","author":"Leroux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.119.2200076","article-title":"What could possibly go wrong? identification of current challenges and prospective opportunities for anomaly detection in internet of things","volume":"37","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2014.2343262","article-title":"Insurance telematics: Opportunities and challenges with the smartphone solution","volume":"6","author":"Handel","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Little, A. (2025, February 05). Socio-economic Effects of Broadband Speed. Ericsson, Tech. Rep. 3\/221 01-FGB 101 0003. Available online: http:\/\/nova.ilsole24ore.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Ericsson.pdf."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahmani, A.-M., Thanigaivelan, N.K., Gia, T.N., Granados, J., Negash, B., Liljeberg, P., and Tenhunen, H. (2015, January 9\u201312). Smart e-health gateway: Bringing intelligence to internet-of-things based ubiquitous healthcare systems. Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2015.7158084"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2024.3378993","article-title":"Integrated Cyber-Physical Resiliency for Power Grids Under IoT-Enabled Dynamic Botnet Attacks","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2021.3076136","article-title":"Adoption of surveillance technologies: Data openness, privacy, and cultural tightness","volume":"2","author":"Schoenherr","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.11.022","article-title":"Willingness to provide personal information: Perspective of privacy calculus in IoT services","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56656","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2913682","article-title":"Blockchain-based secure and trustworthy internet of things in sdn-enabled 5g-vanets","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2023.3339448","article-title":"Intelligent IoT- and UAV-Assisted Architecture for Pipeline Monitoring in OGI","volume":"26","author":"Karam","year":"2024","journal-title":"It Prof."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13882","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3441595","article-title":"Privacy-Preserving and Secure Distributed Data Sharing Scheme for VANETs","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"155","article-title":"Economic and social implications of the internet of things in europe in relation to business","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Bilgin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Business Challenges in the Changing Economic Landscape"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.04.014","article-title":"Impact of digital trends using IoT on banking processes","volume":"151","author":"Khanboubi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surekha, N., Sangeetha, R., Aarthy, C., Kavitha, R., and Anuradha, R. (2022). Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Internet of Things Powered Banking Sector, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-9260-4_8"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.3018","article-title":"Advanced data integration in banking, financial, and insurance software in the age of COVID-19","volume":"52","author":"Maiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Ezziyyani, M., Bahaj, M., and Khoukhi, F. (2017). Big data and iot: A prime opportunity for banking industry. Advanced Information Technology, Services and Systems, Springer."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/joom.1066","article-title":"Impact of customers\u2019 digital banking adoption on hidden defection: A combined analytical\u2013empirical approach","volume":"66","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"31","article-title":"E-banking issues and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Farooqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18880","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3367745","article-title":"Digital-Twin-Inspired IoT-Assisted Intelligent Performance Analysis Framework for Electric Vehicles","volume":"11","author":"Alsubai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171853","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3501587","article-title":"Toward Secure and Reliable IoT Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Formal Methods Applications","volume":"12","author":"Kriouile","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3379905","article-title":"Taking Advantage of the Mistakes: Rethinking Clustered Federated Learning for IoT Anomaly Detection","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3291233","article-title":"A multimethod study of internet of things systems testing in industry","volume":"11","author":"Minani","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11977","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3013634","article-title":"Iot sensor initiated healthcare data security","volume":"21","author":"Besher","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelghani, W., Zayani, C.A., Amous, I., and Sedes, F. (2016, January 13\u201315). Trust management in social internet of things: A survey. Proceedings of the Conference on E-Business, E-Services and E-Society, Swansea, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45234-0_39"},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Chang, S., Huang, A., Chang, L., and Liao, J. (July, January 27). Risk factors of enterprise internal control: Governance refers to internet of things environment. Proceedings of the 20th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), Chiayi, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.11.008","article-title":"Security, privacy and trust in internet of things: The road ahead","volume":"76","author":"Sicari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.00375","article-title":"Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Tranfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.039","article-title":"Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines","volume":"104","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, Q.F. (2018). Internet of Things A to Z: Technologies and Applications, Wiley-IEEE Press.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119456735"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100250","article-title":"Social change: A comparative analysis of the impact of the iot in japan, germany and australia","volume":"11","author":"Shenkoya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Kluge, E.H.W. (2017). E-health and its challenges. Health Manag., 5, Available online: https:\/\/healthmanagement.org\/c\/it\/IssueArticle\/e-health-and-its-challenges."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90225","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992341","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of iot, drones, ai, blockchain, and 5g in managing its impact","volume":"8","author":"Chamola","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00582-9","article-title":"Smart healthcare iot applications based on fog computing: Architecture, applications and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Quy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9478","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3144400","article-title":"A review of iot-enabled mobile healthcare: Technologies, chal-lenges, and future trends","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, M.U., Begum, S., and Fasquel, J.-B. (2018). Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for HealthCare, Packt Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76213-5"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31306","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3159235","article-title":"Biomedical iot: Enabling technologies, architectural elements, challenges, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Aledhari","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdiabadi, A., Shahabi, V., Shamsinejad, S., Amiri, M., Spulbar, C., and Birau, R. (2022). Investigating industry 5.0 and its impact on the banking industry: Requirements, approaches and communications. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12105126"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/jsc.2525","article-title":"Three and a half decades of artificial intelligence in banking, financial services, and insurance: A systematic evolutionary review","volume":"31","author":"Herrmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strateg. Change"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"69","article-title":"E-banking: Challenges and issues","volume":"19","author":"Kaushal","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalsoom, T., Ramzan, N., Ahmed, S., and Ur-Rehman, M. (2020). Advances of sensor technologies in the era of smart factory and industry 4.0. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236783"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120807","article-title":"Scepticism and resistance to IoMT in healthcare: Application of behavioural reasoning theory with configurational perspective","volume":"169","author":"Hajiheydari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16744","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3269820","article-title":"Smart-iot business process management: A case study on remote digital early cardiac arrhythmia detection and diagnosis","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umair, M., Cheema, M.A., Cheema, O., Li, H., and Lu, H. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on IoT adoption in healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113838"},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"101952","article-title":"The dual effects of the internet of things (iot): A systematic review of the benefits and risks of iot adoption by organizations","volume":"51","author":"Brous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120688","article-title":"The role of trust in intention to use the iot in ehealth: Application of the modified utaut in a consumer context","volume":"167","author":"Arfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2021.100552","article-title":"The role of the internet of things in healthcare in supporting clinicians and patients: A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Lederman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3363611","article-title":"A Systematic Review of IoT Systems Testing: Objectives, Approaches, Tools, and Challenges","volume":"50","author":"Minani","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4141","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048163","article-title":"Should i disclose my personal data? perspectives from internet of things services","volume":"9","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7842","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3506214","article-title":"Federated Learning for IoT: Applications, Trends, Taxonomy, Challenges, Current Solutions, and Future Directions","volume":"5","author":"Adam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3053326","article-title":"A fuzzy-based approach to enhance cyber defence security for next-generation iot","volume":"10","author":"Makkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"24","article-title":"A fuzzy approach for an IoT based automated employee performance appraisal","volume":"53","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech. Sci. Press"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinkovic, S., and Popovici, E. (2009, January 11\u201316). Network coding for efficient error recovery in wireless sensor networks for medical applications. Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Emerging Network Intelligence, Sliema, Malta.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMERGING.2009.22"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2018.2888780","article-title":"The internet of things promises new benefits and risks: A systematic analysis of adoption dynamics of iot products","volume":"17","author":"Jalali","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159805","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3159805","article-title":"Implementing smart factory of industrie 4.0: An outlook","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2224-2708\/14\/3\/46\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:21:01Z","timestamp":1760030461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2224-2708\/14\/3\/46"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jsan14030046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jsan14030046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-2708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-2708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]}}}