{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:42:43Z","timestamp":1760060563900,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implantable medical devices present several technological challenges, one of the most critical being how to provide power supply and communication capabilities to a device hermetically sealed within the body. Using a battery as a power source represents a potential harm for the individual\u2019s health because of possible toxic chemical release or overheating, and it requires periodic surgery for replacement. This paper proposes a batteryless implantable device powered by an inductive link and equipped with bidirectional wireless communication channels. The device, designed in a 180 nm CMOS process, is based on two different pairs of mutually coupled inductors that provide, respectively, power and a low-bitrate bidirectional communication link and a separate, high-bitrate, one-directional upstream connection. The main link is based on a 13.56 MHz carrier and allows power transmission and a half-duplex two-way communication at 106 kbps (downlink) and 30 kbps (uplink). The secondary link is based on a 27 MHz carrier, which provides one-way communication at 2.25 Mbps only in uplink. The low-bitrate links are needed to send commands and monitor the implanted system, while the high-bitrate link is required to receive a continuous stream of information from the implanted sensing devices. The microchip acts as a hub for power and data wireless transmission capable of managing up to four different neural recording and stimulation front ends, making the device employable in a complex, distributed, bidirectional neural prosthetic system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan14050092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T15:39:23Z","timestamp":1757518763000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Bidirectional, Full-Duplex, Implantable Wireless CMOS System for Prosthetic Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Collu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 090123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0528-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Salis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 090123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Ferrazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 090123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 090123 Cagliari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2013.17.3.98","article-title":"Development of implantable medical devices: From an engineering perspective","volume":"17","author":"Joung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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