{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T01:18:58Z","timestamp":1766971138266,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014Next Generation EU under the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["CUP J33C22002880001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP J33C22002880001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses the confidentiality of wireless communications in industrial internet-of-things environments by investigating the feasibility of secret key generation for link-layer encryption using ultra wideband (UWB) signals. Taking advantage of the nanosecond-level temporal resolution offered by ultra wideband, we exploit channel reciprocity to extract highly detailed, noise-like channel measurements, in line with the physical-layer security paradigm. Three key generation algorithms, operating in both the time and frequency domains, are evaluated using real-world data collected through a dedicated measurement campaign in an industrial setting. The analysis, conducted under realistic conditions, examines the impact of practical impairments, such as imperfect channel reciprocity and timing misalignments, on the key agreement rate and the length of the generated keys. The results confirm the strong potential of ultra wideband technology to enable robust physical-layer security, offering a viable and efficient solution for securing wireless communications in complex and dynamic industrial internet-of-things environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan15010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T09:58:34Z","timestamp":1766570314000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust Physical-Layer Key Generation Using UWB in Industrial IoT: A Measurement-Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo Mario","family":"Amorosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"WiLab\u2014National Wireless Communication Laboratory (CNIT), 40133 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6389-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Mucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Pasolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"WiLab\u2014National Wireless Communication Laboratory (CNIT), 40133 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7399","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3332507","article-title":"Real-time performance of industrial IoT communication technologies: A review","volume":"11","author":"Behnke","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3530094","article-title":"5G Architectures Enabling Remaining Useful Life Estimation for Industrial IoT: A Holistic Study","volume":"6","author":"Longhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. 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