{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T01:22:17Z","timestamp":1766712137853,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP26104843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP26104843"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) have become one of the most important elements of modern inertial navigation systems due to their high accuracy, reliability, and independence from external signals such as satellite navigation. This review analyzes and discusses the key FOG architectures: interferometric (IFOG), resonant (RFOG), digital (DFOG), and hybrid (HFOG). The concepts of their functioning, structural features, and the main advantages and limitations of each architecture are examined. Particular focus is placed on advanced signal-processing and error-compensation algorithms, including filtering techniques, noise suppression, mitigation of thermal and mechanical drifts, and emerging machine learning (ML) based approaches. The analysis of these architectures is carried out in terms of major parameters that determine accuracy, robustness, and miniaturization potential. Various applications of FOGs in space systems, ground platforms, marine and underwater navigation, aviation, and scientific research are also being considered. Finally, the latest development trends are summarized, with a particular focus on miniaturization, integration with additional sensors, and the introduction of digital and AI-driven solutions, aimed at achieving higher accuracy, long-term stability, and resilience to real-world disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan15010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:50:21Z","timestamp":1766710221000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes: Architectures, Signal Processing, Error Compensation, and Emerging Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2936-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerlan","family":"Tashtay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7264-2390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurzhigit","family":"Smailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daulet","family":"Naubetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Cybersecurity, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications Named After Gumarbek Daukeyev, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1186-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akezhan","family":"Sabibolda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5118-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerzhan","family":"Nussupov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6070-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurzhamal","family":"Kashkimbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Astana IT University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yersaiyn","family":"Mailybayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Technology and Telecommunications, International University of Transport and Humanities, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Askhat","family":"Batyrgaliyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Space Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Wang, L., Zu, Y., Gou, W., and Hu, Y. 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