{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:09:20Z","timestamp":1761808160642,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the main design aspects of the Tactile Internet system is the 1 ms end-to-end latency, which is considered as being the main challenge with the system realization. Forced by recent development and capabilities of the fifth generation (5G) cellular system, the Tactile Internet will become a real. One way to overcome the 1 ms latency is to employ a centralized controller in the core of the network with a global knowledge of the system, together with the concept of network function virtualization (NFV). This is the idea behind the software defined networking (SDN). This paper introduces a Tactile Internet system structure, which employs SDN in the core of the cellular network and mobile edge computing (MEC) in multi-levels. The work is mainly concerned with the structure of the core network. The system is simulated over a reliable environment and introduces a round trip latency of orders of 1 ms. This can be interpreted by the reduction of intermediate nodes that are involved in the communication process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan7010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1514980806000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Development of Intelligent Core Network for Tactile Internet and Future Smart Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhamied","family":"Ateya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich State University of Telecommunication, 193232 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia"},{"name":"Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0213-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Muthanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich State University of Telecommunication, 193232 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Gudkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moskva, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Abuarqoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Middle East University Amman, 383 Amman 11831, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Vybornova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich State University of Telecommunication, 193232 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Koucheryavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich State University of Telecommunication, 193232 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aijaz, A. 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