{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:57:17Z","timestamp":1760241437485,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper considers a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system with P transmitting and R receiving antennas and different overall noise characteristics on the different receiver antennas (e.g., due to nonlinear effects at the receiver side). Each communication link employs a Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) modulation scheme, and the receiver is based on robust iterative frequency-domain multi-user detectors based on the Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization (IB-DFE) concept. We present low complexity efficient receivers that can employ low resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and require the inversion of matrices with reduced dimension when the number of receive antennas is larger than the number of independent data streams. The advantages of the proposed techniques are particularly high for highly unbalanced MIMO systems, such as in the uplink of Base Station (BS) cooperation systems that aim for Single-Frequency Network (SFN) operation or massive MIMO systems with much more antennas at the receiver side.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan7020017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1522672340000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reduced Complexity Detection in MIMO Systems with SC-FDE Modulations and Iterative DFE Receivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6772-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Casal Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Torre Norte, piso 10, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Torre Norte, piso 10, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"UAL\u2014Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa, Rua Santa Marta 56, Pal\u00e1cio Dos Condes Do Redondo, 1169-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Torre Norte, piso 10, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"FCT\u2014Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cercas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Torre Norte, piso 10, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ISCTE\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas 376, 1600-077 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Torre Norte, piso 10, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"DETI\u2014Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008889222784","article-title":"On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas","volume":"6","author":"Foschini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736746","article-title":"Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G","volume":"52","author":"Boccardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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