{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T06:25:51Z","timestamp":1766298351422,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things (IoT) holds great promises for industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. While wireless techniques have matured with time and have gained the users\u2019 confidence in relaying data containing qualitative as well as quantitative information, cynicism still exists on trusting them for applications involving control. The wireless protocols and techniques used for industrial control have proved their robustness. In this work we have attempted to test some aspects of feasibility on the use of wireless control involving such protocols for IoT healthcare sensor networks (IoT-HSNs). We conceptualized and simulated a 24-channel IoT-HSN model that includes biosensors as well as bioactuators. Currently, no protocol supporting control in such networks has been standardized. We tried to fit in the widely used WirelessHART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) industrial protocol for sensing as well as control in the model to test if it would work for a healthcare sensor network. We probed the performance of the model with respect to network parameters such as channels, bandwidth, Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, payload, transmission delays, and allowable errors. For the parameters considered, the results obtained from the model were encouraging, suggesting that WirelessHART fits the IoT-HSN control requirements according to this initial probe. The findings could provide useful insights for researchers working in the field of control in IoT-HSNs and for designers and manufacturers of IoT-HSN equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan8040054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T10:54:10Z","timestamp":1574938450000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Suitability of Current Industrial Standards in Designing Control Applications for Internet of Things Healthcare Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Amitabh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharma P.","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). ISA. Available online: https:\/\/www.isa.org\/standards-and-publications\/isa-publications\/intech-magazine\/2007\/may\/cover-story-users-fear-wireless-networks-for-control\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019, October 09). Analog Devices, Smartmesh Wireless. Available online: https:\/\/www.analog.com\/en\/applications\/technology\/smartmesh-pavilion-home.html#."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Helmuth, M., Jun, J.H., Oliveira, T., Merkowitz, J.B., Mishra, A., Mostafa, A., and Agrawal, D.P. (2010, January 1\u20135). Wireless Sensor Networks and Computer Music, Dance and Installation Implementations. Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2010, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Helmuth, M., Danard, R., Jun, J.H., Oliveira, T., Mishra, A., and Agrawal, D.P. (2011, January 20\u201322). Water Birds: Compositional Collaboration with Clarinets, Wireless Sensors, and RTcmix. Proceedings of the SEAMUS 2011 26th Annual Conference of the Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States, Miami, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019, October 08). Cancer Prevention and Control\u2013Expected New Cancer Cases and Deaths in 2020, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/dcpc\/research\/articles\/cancer_2020.htm."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). Parkinson\u2032s Foundation: Trouble Moving or Walking. Available online: http:\/\/www.parkinson.org\/Parkinson-s-Disease\/Living-Well\/Safety-at-Home\/Freezing."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis, R.J., Ng, Y.S., Zhu, S., Tan, D.M., Anderson, B., Schlaug, G., and Wang, Y. (2015). A Validated Smartphone-Based Assessment of Gait and Gait Variability in Parkinson\u2032s Disease. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141694"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). Mayo Clinic: Foot Drop. Available online: http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/foot-drop\/basics\/definition\/con-20032918."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2015.19.3.133","article-title":"Implantable Bladder Sensors: A Methodological Review","volume":"19","author":"Dakurah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Neurol. J."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Hung, C., Uday, T., Vaibhav, L., Ai-Ling, L., Yuan-Bo, P., and Chiao, J. (2013, January 20\u201323). A wireless bladder volume monitoring system using a flexible capacitance-based sensor. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems (BioWireless), Austin, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Liao, Y.-T. (2011). Fully Integrated Wireless Sensors for Body Area Networks, University of Washington, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). EFRI-BioFLEX: Tissue Engineered Flexible Sensors, Actuators and Electronics for Chronic Wound Management. Available online: https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ZBML\/flexbioelectronics\/p2.html."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i1.13","article-title":"Small bowel capsule endoscopy: Where are we after almost 15 years of use?","volume":"7","author":"Hindryckx","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-011-9625-4","article-title":"An implantable MEMS micropump system for drug delivery in small animals","volume":"14","author":"Gensler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2163634","article-title":"An Ultrasonically Powered Implantable Micro-Oxygen Generator (IMOG)","volume":"58","author":"Maleki","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.04.266","article-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks: Applications and technologies","volume":"83","author":"Negra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3721234","article-title":"A Survey on Secure Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"2017","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hindawi Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.121313.00064","article-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Movassaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.01.091719","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of multi-type failures in wireless body area networks with semi-markov model","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonescu, B., and Basagni, S. (2013). Wireless Body Area Networks: Challenges, Trends and Emerging Technologies. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks, BodyNets 2013, ICST.","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.bodynets.2013.253722"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Madsen, J.K., Karstoft, H., Hansen, F.O., and Toftegaard, T.S. (2010, January 25\u201330). ASE-BAN, a Wireless Body Area Network Testbed. Proceedings of the EMERGING 2010: The Second International Conference on Emerging Network Intelligence, Florence, Italy."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). HART. Available online: https:\/\/fieldcommgroup.org\/technologies\/hart."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2019, October 09). 802.15.4-2015\u2014IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks. Available online: http:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/findstds\/standard\/802.15.4-2015.html."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D. (2010). WirelessHART: Real-Time Mesh Network for Industrial Automation, Springer Science Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6047-4"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Song, J., Mok, A.K., Chen, D., and Nixon, M. (2006, January 4). Challenges of wireless control in process industry. Proceedings of the Workshop on Research Directions for Security and Networking in Critical Real-Time and Embedded Systems, San Jose, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee, T., Xie, B., and Agrawal, D.P. (2007, January 26\u201330). Achieving fault tolerance in data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM 2007\u2014IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2007.178"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"EMERSON (2019, October 08). Industrial Wireless Technology\u2014Flexible, Scalable Wireless Infrastructure Integrates to Existing Host Systems and Enables Wireless Mesh Network Deployment. Available online: https:\/\/www.emerson.com\/en-us\/automation\/measurement-instrumentation\/industrial-wireless-technology."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Honeywell (2019, October 08). Industrial Automation and Control Solutions from Honeywell. Available online: http:\/\/hpsweb.honeywell.com\/Cultures\/en-US\/Products\/Wireless\/Solutions\/default.htm."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Flow Control (2019, October 08). Fieldbus Foundation Releases Spec for Isa100.11a Wireless Device Integration. Available online: https:\/\/www.flowcontrolnetwork.com\/fieldbus-foundation-releases-spec-for-isa100\u201311a-wireless-device-integration\/."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Gutierrez, J.A., Naeve, M., Callaway, E., Bourgeois, M., Mitter, V., and Heile, B. (2019, October 08). IEEE 802.15 WPAN\u2122 Task Group 4 (TG4). Available online: www.ieee802.org\/15\/pub\/TG4.html."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2019, October 08). AES-128 Encryption US FIPS Publication 197, Available online: https:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/FIPS\/NIST.FIPS.197.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Automation World (2019, October 08). The Automation Playbook. Available online: https:\/\/www.automationworld.com\/article\/automation-strategies\/information-management\/what-eddl."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"IEEE Std. 802.15.4 (2006). Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), IEEE."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"MATLAB (2017). Version 7.10.0 (R2017a), The MathWorks Inc."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Physionet (2019, October 08). PhysioNet\u2014The Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Available online: www.physionet.org."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, A., Chakraborty, S., Li, H., and Agrawal, D.P. (2014, January 10\u201313). Error Minimization and Energy Conservation by predicting data in Wireless Body Sensor Networks using Artificial Neural Network and Analysis of Error. Proceedings of the CCNC-2014, Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2014.7056324"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2044310","article-title":"Optimal frequency for wireless power transmission into dispersive tissue","volume":"58","author":"Poon","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2224-2708\/8\/4\/54\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:38:17Z","timestamp":1760189897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2224-2708\/8\/4\/54"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jsan8040054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jsan8040054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-2708"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2224-2708"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]}}}