{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:21:07Z","timestamp":1761402067173,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304142\/2017-4, 311169\/2018-0, and 432566\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304142\/2017-4, 311169\/2018-0, and 432566\/2018-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/202.932\/2017 and E-26\/202.689\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202.932\/2017 and E-26\/202.689\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15\/24494-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\/24494-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSAN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high cost of IEEE 802.11p-compliant devices and the lack of a widely adopted standard motivate the search for alternative methods for vehicular communication. As a consequence, and due to the ubiquity of smartphones, we see an increasing number of proposals based on Wi-Fi Direct, especially related to the integration of pedestrians in VANETs. Nevertheless, given the complexity of real experimentation, it is difficult to assess the ability of Wi-Fi Direct to offer connectivity in the vehicular environment on a large scale, leading to the evaluation through simulation. In order to verify the ability of a simulation model of reproducing the Wi-Fi Direct behavior, we analyze the performance of a safety application based on the communication range, packet delivery rate, and packet inter-reception time. In V2P scenarios, with and without line of sight, with varying vehicle speed, measurements using smartphones are performed and their results compared with those of OMNeT++ simulator. The results indicate, apart from the simulator\u2019s accuracy, that the connection establishment time hinders the use of Wi-Fi Direct as a replacement to 802.11p. As an outcome of this observation, we evaluate a new transmission method for Wi-Fi Direct based on beacon stuffing, which mitigates the long connection establishment issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan9020028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T04:19:39Z","timestamp":1591676379000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Wi-Fi Direct Performance Evaluation for V2P Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thales Teixeira","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro\u2014UFRJ\u2014PEE\/COPPE-DEL\/Poli-GTA, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais\u2014CEFET-MG\u2014DCMLP, R. Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9res 558, Leopoldina 36700-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9485-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Geraldo","family":"Ribeiro J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais\u2014CEFET-MG\u2014DCMLP, R. Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9res 558, Leopoldina 36700-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Elias M.","family":"Campista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro\u2014UFRJ\u2014PEE\/COPPE-DEL\/Poli-GTA, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7789-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Henrique M. K.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro\u2014UFRJ\u2014PEE\/COPPE-DEL\/Poli-GTA, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, June 04). Road Traffic Injuries. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/global-status-report-on-road-safety-2018.","key":"ref_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arena, F., and Pau, G. (2019). An Overview of Vehicular Communications. Future Internet, 11.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11020027"},{"unstructured":"(2019). Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Part 2: Specification of Cooperative Awareness Basic Service, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). ETSI EN 302 637-2.","key":"ref_3"},{"unstructured":"(2019). 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