{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:57:57Z","timestamp":1779217077001,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding customer journeys is key to e-commerce success. Many studies have been conducted to obtain journey maps of e-commerce visitors. To our knowledge, a complete, end-to-end and structured map of e-commerce journeys is still missing. In this research, we proposed a four-step methodology to extract and understand e-commerce visitor journeys using process mining. In order to obtain more structured process diagrams, we used techniques such as activity type enrichment, start and end node identification, and Levenshtein distance-based clustering in this methodology. For the evaluation of the resulting diagrams, we developed a model utilizing expert knowledge. As a result of this empirical study, we identified the most significant factors for process structuredness and their relationships. Using a real-life big dataset which has over 20 million rows, we defined activity-, behavior-, and process-level e-commerce visitor journeys. Exploitation and exploration were the most common journeys, and it was revealed that journeys with exploration behavior had significantly lower conversion rates. At the process level, we mapped the backbones of eight journeys and tested their qualities with the empirical structuredness measure. By using cart statuses at the beginning and end of these journeys, we obtained a high-level end-to-end e-commerce journey that can be used to improve recommendation performance. Additionally, we proposed new metrics to evaluate online user journeys and to benchmark e-commerce journey design success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19040138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T11:19:18Z","timestamp":1729163958000},"page":"2851-2879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cart-State-Aware Discovery of E-Commerce Visitor Journeys with Process Mining"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Topaloglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34367, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1090-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basar","family":"Oztaysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34367, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onur","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems, Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir 35665, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, August 30). 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