{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:34:14Z","timestamp":1775079254159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Scientific Research General Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province","award":["23KJB630010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB630010"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research General Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province","award":["2022J01380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01380"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research General Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province","award":["FJ2022B088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJ2022B088"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["23KJB630010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB630010"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022J01380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01380"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["FJ2022B088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJ2022B088"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation","award":["23KJB630010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJB630010"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation","award":["2022J01380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01380"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation","award":["FJ2022B088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJ2022B088"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crowdfunding videos have become a crucial tool for entrepreneurs seeking financial support, with audio design playing a critical role in attracting potential investors. However, research on how audio features influence crowdfunding success remains limited. This study uses audio analysis techniques to examine data from 4500 crowdfunding campaigns on the Kickstarter platform between 2013 and 2016, investigating the impact of audio features on crowdfunding success rates. Grounded in the signaling theory, we posited four hypotheses suggesting that speech rate, loudness, pitch, and emotional arousal would each exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with crowdfunding success rates. Through data analysis, we found that moderate levels of speech rate, loudness, pitch, and emotional arousal significantly enhanced crowdfunding success, whereas extremes in these vocal characteristics had a detrimental effect. Our findings not only extend the application of audio analysis in the crowdfunding domain, but also provide empirical evidence for the influence of audio features on crowdfunding success. This research offers practical guidance for project initiators in developing promotional strategies and for platforms in optimizing user experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19040154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1732099055000},"page":"3176-3196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Audio Features and Crowdfunding Success: An Empirical Study Using Audio Mining"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 610032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2082-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yudan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 210017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 210017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2013.07.003","article-title":"Crowdfunding: Tapping the Right Crowd","volume":"29","author":"Belleflamme","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.06.013","article-title":"A Principal-Agent Perspective on Consumer Co-Production: Crowdfunding and the Redefinition of Consumer Power","volume":"141","author":"Chaney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glisovic, J., Gonz\u00e1lez, H., Saltuk, Y., and de Mariz, F. (2012). Volume Growth and Valuation Contraction, Global Microfinance Equity Valuation Survey 2012. Glob. Microfinance Equity Valuat. Surv.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2625221"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2024, August 20). ReportLinker. Global Crowdfunding Market Overview 2024\u20132028. Available online: https:\/\/www.reportlinker.com\/market-report\/Online-Investing\/494115\/Crowdfunding?term=crowdfunding%20statistics&matchtype=b&loc_interest=&loc_physical=2702&utm_group=standard&utm_term=crowdfunding%20statistics&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_source=google_ads&utm_medium=paid_ads&utm_content=transactionnel-4&hsa_acc=7082072004&hsa_cam=15072279998&hsa_grp=136612317091&hsa_ad=568148759031&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-1520371132730&hsa_kw=crowdfunding%20statistics&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI8OGP1PmCiAMVCqlmAh0IUwcVEAAYASAAEgI6wPD_BwE."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2024, October 23). Polaris-Market-Research. Crowdfunding Market Size to Grow Usd 72.88 Billion by 2032, at a Cagr of 16.1% from 2024 to 2032. Available online: https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2024\/08\/12\/2928427\/0\/en\/Crowdfunding-Market-size-to-grow-USD-72-88-Billion-by-2032-at-a-CAGR-of-16-1-from-2024-to-2032-Polaris-Market-Research.html."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2024, August 20). Statista. Percentage of Successfully Funded Kickstarter Projects as of January 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/235405\/kickstarter-project-funding-success-rate\/."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"de Mariz, F. (2024, October 22). Fintech for Impact: How Can Financial Innovation Advance Inclusion? De Mariz, Frederic. Fintech for Impact: How Can Financial Innovation Advance Inclusion. Available online: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3715785."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113842","article-title":"Multi-Modal Emotion Expression and Online Charity Crowdfunding Success","volume":"163","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19020077","article-title":"Impact of Ai-Oriented Live-Streaming E-Commerce Service Failures on Consumer Disengagement\u2014Empirical Evidence from China","volume":"19","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Du, M., and Yang, X. (2024). How Emotional Cues Affect the Financing Performance in Rewarded Crowdfunding? An Insight into Multimodal Data Analysis. Electron. Commer. Res., 1\u201331. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10660-024-09841-6#citeas.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-024-09841-6"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"223","article-title":"How to Overcome Online Banner Blindness? A Study on the Effects of Creativity","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1177\/00472875231185882","article-title":"Smooth Talking and Fast Music: Understanding the Importance of Voice and Music in Travel and Tourism Ads Via Acoustic Analytics","volume":"63","author":"Barnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Travel Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"161","article-title":"Editorial\u2014What is an Interactive Marketing Perspective and What are Emerging Research Areas?","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.L. (2023). Interactive Marketing is the New Normal. The Palgrave Handbook of Interactive Marketing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-14961-0"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Editorial\u2014the Misassumptions About Contributions","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"493","article-title":"How Social Presence Influences Consumer Purchase Intention in Live Video Commerce: The Mediating Role of Immersive Experience and the Moderating Role of Positive Emotions","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"773","article-title":"How Emotions Impact the Interactive Value Formation Process During Problematic Social Media Interactions","volume":"17","author":"Frau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2013.06.005","article-title":"The Dynamics of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study","volume":"29","author":"Mollick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03595-2","article-title":"Leveraging Deep Learning with Audio Analytics to Predict the Success of Crowdfunding Projects","volume":"77","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-01-2021-0017","article-title":"Disentangling Effects of Subjective and Objective Characteristics of Advertising Music","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0648-9","article-title":"Cortical Encoding of Speech Enhances Task-Relevant Acoustic Information","volume":"3","author":"Rutten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"La Torre, M., and La Torre, M. (1999). Costs and Revenues of Audiovisual Products. The Economics of the Audiovisual Industry: Financing TV, Film and Web, Springer."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2019.1203","article-title":"Consumer Protection on Kickstarter","volume":"39","author":"Blaseg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/10949968221123771","article-title":"How Consumer Opinions are Affected by Marketers: An Empirical Examination by Deep Learning Approach","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.07.053","article-title":"Stretching the Success in Reward-Based Crowdfunding","volume":"152","author":"Yasar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102465","article-title":"Understanding the Determinants of Online Medical Crowdfunding Project Success in China","volume":"58","author":"Ba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, L., Jiang, W., Xu, J., and Wang, F. (2022). The Importance of Project Description to Charitable Crowdfunding Success: The Mediating Role of Forwarding Times. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.845198"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/fima.12262","article-title":"Crowdfunding Models: Keep-It-All vs. All-Or-Nothing","volume":"49","author":"Cumming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2017.2774","article-title":"The Colorblind Crowd? Founder Race and Performance in Crowdfunding","volume":"64","author":"Younkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-022-00345-6","article-title":"A Literature Review and Integrated Framework for the Determinants of Crowdfunding Success","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Financ. Innov."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"773","article-title":"Mitigating Information Asymmetry to Achieve Crowdfunding Success: Signaling and Online Communication","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"142","article-title":"Richness and Dynamics: How to Improve Virtual Reality Tourism Adoption with Virtual Social Clues","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"6781386","article-title":"How Do Voice Characteristics Affect Tourism Interpretation Purchases? An Empirical Study Based on Voice Mining","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Travel Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2017.1195","article-title":"Extending Signaling Theory to Rhetorical Signals: Evidence from Crowdfunding","volume":"29","author":"Steigenberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Organ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250120602","article-title":"Toward a Theory of Competitive Market Signaling: A Research Agenda","volume":"12","author":"Heil","year":"1991","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12207","article-title":"Attributes of Angel and Crowdfunded Investments as Determinants of Vc Screening Decisions","volume":"41","author":"Drover","year":"2017","journal-title":"Entrep. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121049","article-title":"Does Disclosure in Sustainability Reports Indicate Actual Sustainability Performance?","volume":"260","author":"Papoutsi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.102036","article-title":"Exploring the Success Determinants of Crowdfunding for Cultural and Creative Projects: An Empirical Study Based on Signal Theory","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1057\/s41270-021-00133-8","article-title":"Image-Mining: Exploring the Impact of Video Content on the Success of Crowdfunding","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mark. Anal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.008","article-title":"How Multimedia Shape Crowdfunding Outcomes: The Overshadowing Effect of Images and Videos on Text in Campaign Information","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold, B., Morgan, N., and Ellis, D. (2011). Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music, Wiley. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118142882"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucab012","article-title":"Audio Mining: The Role of Vocal Tone in Persuasion","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113754","article-title":"Which Voice are You Satisfied with? Understanding the Physician-Patient Voice Interactions on Online Health Platforms","volume":"157","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Horowitz, S.S. (2012). The Universal Sense: How Hearing Shapes the Mind, Bloomsbury Publishing. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.01.008","article-title":"Thinking the Voice: Neural Correlates of Voice Perception","volume":"8","author":"Belin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/00222437221134115","article-title":"More Voices Persuade: The Attentional Benefits of Voice Numerosity","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.113531","article-title":"The Influence of Sound Logo Instruments on Brand Personality Perceptions: An Investigation of Brand Ruggedness and Sophistication","volume":"156","author":"Puligadda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21357","article-title":"A Dual-Process Model of How Incorporating Audio-Visual Sensory Cues in Video Advertising Promotes Active Attention","volume":"37","author":"Simmonds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10064","article-title":"At the Movies, on the Web: An Investigation of the Effects of Entertaining and Interactive Web Content on Site and Brand Evaluations","volume":"17","author":"Raney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21084","article-title":"How the Sound Frequency of Background Music Influences Consumers\u2019 Perceptions and Decision Making","volume":"35","author":"Sunaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103487","article-title":"The Rhythm of Shopping: How Background Music Placement in Live Streaming Commerce Affects Consumer Purchase Intention","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20766","article-title":"That Sounds Sweet: Using Cross-Modal Correspondences to Communicate Gustatory Attributes","volume":"32","author":"Knoeferle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.3032373","article-title":"Audio Features for Music Emotion Recognition: A Survey","volume":"14","author":"Panda","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113907","article-title":"Speaking Fast and Slow: How Speech Rate of Digital Assistants Affects Likelihood to Use","volume":"163","author":"Christenson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1177\/00222437221135188","article-title":"The Sound of Music: The Effect of Timbral Sound Quality in Audio Logos on Brand Personality Perception","volume":"60","author":"Melzner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21558","article-title":"Increasing Brand Awareness: Memory for Short Audio Ads","volume":"38","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21588","article-title":"Effects of Background Music on Evaluations of Visual Images","volume":"38","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21338","article-title":"Interactive Music for Multisensory E\u2010Commerce: The Moderating Role of Online Consumer Involvement in Experiential Value, Cognitive Value, and Purchase Intention","volume":"37","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21284","article-title":"The Cross-Modal Interaction Between Sound Frequency and Color Saturation on Consumer\u2019s Product Size Perception, Preference, and Purchase","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2019.10.004","article-title":"Feel the Music! Exploring the Cross-Modal Correspondence Between Music and Haptic Perceptions of Softness","volume":"95","author":"Imschloss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-07-2017-0427","article-title":"Musical Flavor: The Effect of Background Music and Presentation Order on Taste","volume":"52","author":"Ziv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-2019-038","article-title":"Do Your Ads Talk Too Fast to Your Audio Audience? How Speech Rates of Audio Commercials Influence Cognitive and Physiological Outcomes","volume":"60","author":"Rodero","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Advert. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167218787805","article-title":"Speech Rate, Intonation, and Pitch: Investigating the Bias and Cue Effects of Vocal Confidence on Persuasion","volume":"45","author":"Guyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1177\/00222437211016495","article-title":"Dynamics of Musical Success: A Machine Learning Approach for Multimedia Data Fusion","volume":"58","author":"Boughanmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101211","article-title":"Modulating Your Speech Rate: The Effect of Speech Rate on Crowdfunding Performance","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650217692911","article-title":"The Organizational Voice: The Importance of Voice Pitch and Speech Rate in Organizational Crisis Communication","volume":"46","author":"Claeys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672211015896","article-title":"Loudness Perceptions Influence Feelings of Interpersonal Closeness and Protect Against Detrimental Psychological Effects of Social Exclusion","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx064","article-title":"Erp Correlates of Motivating Voices: Quality of Motivation and Time-Course Matters","volume":"12","author":"Zougkou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25325","article-title":"Contextual Effects on Loudness Judgments for Sounds with Continuous Changes of Intensity are Reflected in Nonauditory Areas","volume":"42","author":"Behler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774915155","DOI":"10.1177\/2059204320915654","article-title":"A Vigilance Explanation of Musical Chills? Effects of Loudness and Brightness Manipulations","volume":"3","author":"Bannister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Music Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1915704","article-title":"Loudness, Pitch and the Timbre of Musical Tones and their Relation to the Intensity, the Frequency and the Overtone Structure","volume":"6","author":"Fletcher","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.14.0414","article-title":"Cross-Modal Communication: Sound Frequency Influences Consumer Responses to Color Lightness","volume":"53","author":"Hagtvedt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.770","article-title":"Communication of Emotions in Vocal Expression and Music Performance: Different Channels, Same Code?","volume":"129","author":"Juslin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourfannan, H., Mahzoon, H., Yoshikawa, Y., and Ishiguro, H. (2022). Towards a Simultaneously Speaking Bilingual Robot: Primary Study on the Effect of Gender and Pitch of the Robot\u2019S Voice. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278852"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2019.10.006","article-title":"Increasing Shopper Trust in Retailer Technological Interfaces Via Auditory Confirmation","volume":"95","author":"Morrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"83","article-title":"Persuasion of Voices: The Effects of a Speaker\u2019S Voice Characteristics and Gender on Consumers\u2019 Responses","volume":"34","author":"Zoghaib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rech. Appl. En Mark."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucy002","article-title":"Buying Beauty for the Long Run: (Mis)Predicting Liking of Product Aesthetics","volume":"45","author":"Buechel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey, M., Farrell, J., and Ang, L. (2018). How Accent and Pitch Affect Persuasiveness in Radio Advertising. Advances in Advertising Research IX, Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-658-22681-7_9#citeas.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-22681-7_9"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-020-01389-0","article-title":"Supervised Machine Learning for Audio Emotion Recognition","volume":"25","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.821","article-title":"Activation of the Arousal Response Can Impair Performance on a Simple Motor Task","volume":"91","author":"Noteboom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-018-0995-6","article-title":"Do Arousal and Valence Have Separable Influences on Attention Across Time?","volume":"84","author":"Saxton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.1811","article-title":"Arousal Enhances Herding Tendencies When Decision Making","volume":"19","author":"Coker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-022-09610-3","article-title":"Making Customers More Likely to Come Back: The Role of Background Colour in Triggering Arousal to Influence Memory, Attitude, and Patronage Intention","volume":"24","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159509364309","article-title":"The Effects of Emotional Arousal and Valence on Television Viewers\u2019 Cognitive Capacity and Memory","volume":"39","author":"Lang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Broadcast. Electron. Media"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2024.114711","article-title":"Confidence is Good? Too Much, Not so Much: Exploring the Effects on Crowdfunding Success","volume":"182","author":"Moy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucaa013","article-title":"The Small Predicts Large Effect in Crowdfunding","volume":"47","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, N., and Mitsufuji, Y. (2017, January 15\u201318). Multi-Scale Multi-Band Densenets for Audio Source Separation. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA), New Paltz, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WASPAA.2017.8169987"},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Styler, W. (2024, August 15). Using Praat for Linguistic Research. Available online: https:\/\/wstyler.ucsd.edu\/praat\/."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9267487","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9267487","article-title":"Beyond Words: An Intelligent Human-Machine Dialogue System with Multimodal Generation and Emotional Comprehension","volume":"2023","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3307639","article-title":"Exploring Emotion Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence, Geospatial Information Systems, and Extended Reality for Urban Services","volume":"11","author":"Rokhsaritalemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/00222437211012451","article-title":"The Signal Value of Crowdfunded Products","volume":"58","author":"Acar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2021.09.004","article-title":"Choose Your Words Carefully: Harnessing the Language of Crowdfunding for Success","volume":"65","author":"Anglin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.09.010","article-title":"Info\/Information Theory: Speakers Choose Shorter Words in Predictive Contexts","volume":"126","author":"Mahowald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380079","article-title":"Cognitive, Emotional, and Language Processes in Disclosure","volume":"10","author":"Pennebaker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70424-6","article-title":"Emotional Words: What\u2019s so Different From Just Words?","volume":"42","author":"Landis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(96)00005-9","article-title":"The Nature of Peer Interaction in the Social Context Created by the Use of Word Processors","volume":"6","author":"Kumpulainen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-11-2021-0861","article-title":"Can Social Interaction-Oriented Content Trigger Viewers\u2019 Purchasing and Gift-Giving Behaviors? Evidence From Live-Streaming Commerce","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01802-x","article-title":"A Large-Scaled Corpus for Assessing Text Readability","volume":"55","author":"Crossley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.09.059","article-title":"Understanding Videos at Scale: How to Extract Insights for Business Research","volume":"123","author":"Schwenzow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61677","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2874767","article-title":"Performance Analysis of Google Colaboratory as a Tool for Accelerating Deep Learning Applications","volume":"6","author":"Carneiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.22399\/ijcesen.1185474","article-title":"Diabetes Prediction Using Colab Notebook Based Machine Learning Methods","volume":"9","author":"Yakut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Exp. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-10-2021-0787","article-title":"Fostering Consumer Engagement with Marketer-Generated Content: The Role of Content-Generating Devices and Content Features","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, A., and Ma, S. (2021). Persuading Investors: A Video-Based Study, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.","DOI":"10.3386\/w29048"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.004","article-title":"Cognitive Approaches to Emotions","volume":"18","author":"Oatley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"602","article-title":"The Impact of Barrage System Fluctuation on User Interaction in Digital Video Platforms: A Perspective from Signaling Theory and Social Impact Theory","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moy, N., Chan, H.F., and Torgler, B. (2018). How Much is Too Much? The Effects of Information Quantity on Crowdfunding Performance. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192012"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1108\/BJM-04-2019-0148","article-title":"Crowdfunding Success: A Systematic Literature Review 2010-2017","volume":"15","author":"Shneor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Balt. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2014.03.001","article-title":"Sonic Branding in Sport: A Model for Communicating Brand Identity through Musical Fit","volume":"18","author":"Ballouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sport Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.02.049","article-title":"Machine Learning in Marketing: A Literature Review, Conceptual Framework, and Research Agenda","volume":"145","author":"Ngai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., and Huang, H. (2023). Influence of Perceived Value on Consumers\u2019 Continuous Purchase Intention in Live-Streaming E-Commerce\u2014Mediated by Consumer Trust. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054432"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.001","article-title":"Investigating the Impact of Social Media Advertising Features on Customer Purchase Intention","volume":"42","author":"Alalwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-020-00181-3","article-title":"E-Tourism Beyond Covid-19: A Call for Transformative Research","volume":"22","author":"Gretzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Tour."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2019.05.002","article-title":"Adding Voice to the Omnichannel and How that Affects Brand Trust","volume":"48","author":"Pagani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2014.04.004","article-title":"Native Language, Spoken Language, Translation and Trade","volume":"93","author":"Melitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Econ."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Wang, Y., Song, M., Jiang, Y., and Li, Q. (2024). Sonic Strategies: Unveiling the Impact of Sound Features in Short Video Ads on Enterprise Market Entry Performance. J. Bus. Bus. Mark., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1080\/1051712X.2024.2396966"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brq.2014.06.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of Radio Spokesperson\u2019s Gender, Vocal Pitch and Accent and the Use of Music in Radio Advertising","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"BRQ Bus. Res. Q."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Zuboff, S. (2018). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power, PublicAffairs."}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/19\/4\/154\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:34:31Z","timestamp":1760114071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/19\/4\/154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jtaer19040154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jtaer19040154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0718-1876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0718-1876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]}}}