{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T22:55:12Z","timestamp":1778108112089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PQ 304290\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 304290\/2021-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00505100300359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00505100300359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GETULIO VARGAS FOUNDATION","award":["PQ 304290\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 304290\/2021-1"]}]},{"name":"GETULIO VARGAS FOUNDATION","award":["00505100300359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00505100300359"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread adoption of digital technologies across various aspects of society has led to the emergence of two highly context-dependent constructs that explain how businesses are getting ready for transformative digital processes: digital readiness and digital transformation (DT). However, assessing the extent to which an organization is ready to succeed in a DT initiative still requires further investigation. This research addresses this gap by working towards a practical definition and model of organizational digital transformation readiness (ODTR). The authors investigate how an organization\u2019s readiness for digital transformation should be conceptualized, assessed, and improved through a systematic literature review. This literature review covered the years 2004 to 2021, as well as articles published until May 2022. The search was conducted in the Web of Science database, as well as in the most important publishers\u2019 databases, resulting in 264 papers on \u201ce-readiness\u201d, 72 articles on \u201cdigital transformation\u201d, and 8 articles on \u201cdigital transformation readiness\u201d. Based on this, some dimensions emerged as the most prominent for understanding how companies prepare for transformative digital processes, namely technological resources, business processes, management capability, human capability, and corporate culture, which highlights the multidisciplinary nature of ODTR. Furthermore, the literature review showed the similarity between e-readiness and digital readiness, allowing the assessment of an organization\u2019s maturity for digital transformation. The review synthesized the scientific literature on the readiness of organizations for digital transformation, allowing the proposition of an integrative framework to evaluate ODTR. Moreover, it allows the development of insights and recommendations for practices related to successful digital transformation initiatives. As this literature review has limitations related to its scope and search criteria, future studies can provide a broader investigation into how organizations respond to the challenge of DT and their respective readiness to do so in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19040159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1732615258000},"page":"3283-3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Organizational Digital Transformation Readiness: An Exploratory Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Michelotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro 22231-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Antonio","family":"Joia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro 22231-010, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dobrota, M., Jeremic, V., and Markovic, A. (2023, July 03). A New Perspective on the ICT Development Index. Available online: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1177\/0266666912446497."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brynjolfsson, E., and McAfee, A. (2011). Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915593136","article-title":"Beyond the Equal-Weight Framework of the Networked Readiness Index: A Multilevel I-Distance Methodology","volume":"32","author":"Milenkovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37:2.3","article-title":"Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of Insights","volume":"37","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"102","article-title":"Unpacking the Difference between Digital Transformation and IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation","volume":"22","author":"Wessel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11220","DOI":"10.5465\/AMPROC.2023.11220abstract","article-title":"Chief Digital Officers\u2019 Social Construction of and Coping with Digital Transformation","volume":"Volume 2023","author":"Lorenz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Academy of Management Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"341","article-title":"Digital Transformation: What Is New If Anything? Emerging Patterns and Management Research","volume":"6","author":"Lanzolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMD"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2016.115","article-title":"Digital Innovation and Strategic Transformation","volume":"18","author":"Demirkan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IT Prof."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"411","article-title":"Digital Transformation: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Future Research","volume":"Volume 745","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends and Advances in Information Systems and Technologies"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.12695\/ajtm.2018.11.2.3","article-title":"The Evaluation of Digital Readiness Concept: Existing Models and Future Directions","volume":"11","author":"Nasution","year":"2018","journal-title":"ajtm"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2019.01.003","article-title":"Understanding Digital Transformation: A Review and a Research Agenda","volume":"28","author":"Vial","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.11118\/actaun201967061673","article-title":"Digital Transformation Maturity: A Systematic Review of Literature","volume":"67","author":"Teichert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendel. Brun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0008125620977487","article-title":"Ready or Not: Managers\u2019 and Employees\u2019 Different Perceptions of Digital Readiness","volume":"63","author":"Gfrerer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2023, July 04). Readiness Noun-Definition, Pictures, Pronunciation and Usage Notes|Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.Com. Available online: https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/definition\/english\/readiness."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Uden, L., Ting, I.-H., and Corchado, J.M. Digital Readiness Frameworks. Proceedings of the Knowledge Management in Organizations."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview and classification of e-readiness assessment models","volume":"4","author":"Alaaraj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd Manaf, A., Zeki, A., Zamani, M., Chuprat, S., and El-Qawasmeh, E. (2011). A Suggested E-Government Framework for Assessing Organizational E-Readiness in Developing Countries. Proceedings of the Informatics Engineering and Information Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25327-0"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choucri, N., Maugis, V., Madnick, S., Siegel, M., Gillet, S., O\u2019Donnel, S., Best, M., Zhu, H., and Haghseta, F. (2003). Global e-Readiness-for What?, Center for eBusiness at MIT.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.535762"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Molla, A., Cooper, V., Corbitt, B., Deng, H., Peszynski, K., Pittayachawan, S., and Teoh, S. (2008, January 3\u20135). E-Readiness to g-Readiness: Developing a Green Information Technology Readiness Framework. Proceedings of the 19 th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Christchurch, New Zealand. Available online: https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/acis2008\/35."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.29379\/jedem.v14i2.717","article-title":"A Review of E-Government Assessment Frameworks: E-Readiness, Adoption, Citizen Engagement and Quality","volume":"14","author":"Sheoran","year":"2022","journal-title":"JeDEM"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.digbus.2023.100053","article-title":"Managerial Capabilities as Facilitators of Digital Transformation? Dynamic Managerial Capabilities as Antecedents to Digital Business Model Transformation and Firm Performance","volume":"3","author":"Heubeck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit. Bus."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2478\/sbe-2023-0009","article-title":"Drivers of Digital Transformation and Their Impact on Organizational Management","volume":"18","author":"Mihu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stud. Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Transform to Succeed: An Empirical Analysis of Digital Transformation in Firms","volume":"10","author":"Stief","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1108\/JOCM-10-2020-0336","article-title":"Digital Transformation of Organizations: What Do We Know and Where to Go Next?","volume":"34","author":"Jedynak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Organ. Change Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.digbus.2021.100019","article-title":"Mastering the Digital Transformation through Organizational Capabilities: A Conceptual Framework","volume":"2","author":"Konopik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digit. Bus."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/14697017.2021.1929406","article-title":"Digital Transformation of Industrial Organizations: Toward an Integrated Framework","volume":"21","author":"Imran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Change Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2024, July 15). Transformation Noun-Definition, Pictures, Pronunciation and Usage Notes|Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.Com. Available online: https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/us\/definition\/english\/transformation?q=transformation."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, R. (1954). Unit Control Systems Engineering. Proceedings of the February 11\u201312, 1954, Western Computer Conference: Trends in Computers: Automatic Control and Data Processing on-AIEE-IRE \u201953 (Western), ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/1455200.1455214"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2020.102217","article-title":"Developing a Unified Definition of Digital Transformation","volume":"102","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kochan, T.A., and Useem, M. (1992). Transforming Organizations, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195065046.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-018-0550-4","article-title":"Digital Disruption","volume":"60","author":"Skog","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"52","article-title":"Digital Transformation Readiness in Higher Education Institutions (HEI): The Case of Kosovo","volume":"52","author":"Limani","year":"2019","journal-title":"IFAC-Pap."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2019.06.002","article-title":"Defining Digital Transformation: Results from Expert Interviews","volume":"36","author":"Mergel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2017.12.004","article-title":"The Digital Transformation of Business Models in the Creative Industries: A Holistic Framework and Emerging Trends","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital Business Transformation and Strategy: What Do We Know So Far?","volume":"10","author":"Ismail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Camb. Serv. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Bekkhus, R. (2024, July 16). Do KPIs Used by CIOs Decelerate Digital Business Transformation? The Case of ITIL. DIGIT 2016 Proc, Available online: https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/digit2016\/16."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-015-0401-5","article-title":"Digital Transformation Strategies","volume":"57","author":"Matt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.022","article-title":"Digital Transformation: A Multidisciplinary Reflection and Research Agenda","volume":"122","author":"Verhoef","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Henriette, E., Feki, M., and Boughzala, I. (2015, January 2\u20135). The Shape of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review. Proceedings of the MCIS 2015 Proceedings, Samos, Greece. Available online: https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/mcis2015\/10."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-020-00185-7","article-title":"Digital Transformation: A Review, Synthesis and Opportunities for Future Research","volume":"71","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Rev. Q."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.63","article-title":"Improvising Organizational Transformation Over Time: A Situated Change Perspective","volume":"7","author":"Orlikowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1108\/JM2-03-2019-0066","article-title":"Analysis of Barriers in Implementation of Digital Transformation of Supply Chain Using Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach","volume":"15","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Model. Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.12.015","article-title":"Readiness of Upscale and Luxury-Branded Hotels for Digital Transformation","volume":"79","author":"Lam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEB.2003.002162","article-title":"A Framework for Measuring National E-Readiness","volume":"1","author":"Bui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Bus."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00183.x","article-title":"E-Readiness for Developing Countries: Moving the Focus from the Environment to the Users","volume":"27","author":"Dada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2006.02.004","article-title":"An Evaluation of E-Readiness Assessment Tools with Respect to Information Access: Towards an Integrated Information Rich Tool","volume":"26","author":"Mutula","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/nem.466","article-title":"Toward the Development of a Standard E-Readiness Assessment Policy","volume":"13","author":"Bakry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Netw. Manag."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Jutla, D., Bodorik, P., and Dhaliwal, J. (2002, January 10). Government Support for the E-Readiness of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"103","article-title":"SME E-Readiness in Malaysia: Implications for Planning and Implementation","volume":"11","author":"Ramayah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sasin J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"53","article-title":"Measuring Africa\u2019s e-Readiness in the Global Networked Economy: A Nine-Country Data Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Ifinedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Dev. Using ICT"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Al-eryani, A., and Rashed, A. (2012, January 10\u201313). The Impact of the Culture on the e-Readiness for E-Government in Developing Countries (Yemen). Proceedings of the 13th International Arab Conference on Information Technology ACIT 2012, Lebanon, Lebanon."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/IJILT-12-2015-0036","article-title":"Assessing E-Readiness of the Copperbelt University, Zambia: Case Study","volume":"33","author":"Chipembele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1108\/02651330810915592","article-title":"E-readiness and Trust: Macro and Micro Dualities for E-commerce in a Global Environment","volume":"25","author":"Berthon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Mark. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1108\/13287261011070812","article-title":"The Pervasiveness of E-readiness in the Global Built Environment Arena","volume":"12","author":"Lou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Syst. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.9734\/cjast\/2020\/v39i1630741","article-title":"Identification and Relevance of E-Readiness Assessment Tools for ICT Use in Agriculture","volume":"39","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"52","article-title":"Measuring the Strategic Readiness of Intangible Assets","volume":"82","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Schallmo, D., Williams, C.A., and Lohse, J. (2018). Clarifying digital strategy\u2013Detailed literature review of existing Approaches. ISPIM Conference Proceedings, The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM)."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3991\/ijep.v11i2.17515","article-title":"Exploring the Readiness for Digital Transformation in a Higher Education Institution towards Industrial Revolution 4.0","volume":"11","author":"Giang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Pedagog. (Ijep)"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-09-2018-0305","article-title":"Digital Readiness Assessment of Italian SMEs: A Case-Study Research","volume":"31","author":"Pirola","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMTM"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-009-0044-5","article-title":"Developing Maturity Models for IT Management","volume":"1","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s10843-021-00296-6","article-title":"More Power for International Entrepreneurs: The Effect of Digital Readiness of Economies on Channeling National R&D Resources to Entrepreneurship","volume":"20","author":"Askarzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Entrep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.03.006","article-title":"Past, Present, and Future Barriers to Digital Transformation in Manufacturing: A Review","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/JBS-11-2019-0215","article-title":"Digital Transformation: Setting the Pace","volume":"42","author":"Margiono","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBS"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64642-4_2","article-title":"Corporate Culture: Impact on Companies\u2019 Readiness for Digital Transformation","volume":"Volume 395","author":"Jallouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"13","article-title":"A Maturity Model for Assessing the Digital Readiness of Manufacturing Companies","volume":"Volume 513","author":"Riedel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Production Management Systems. The Path to Intelligent, Collaborative and Sustainable Manufacturing"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1839334921998555","article-title":"Digital Readiness and Acceptance of Mobile Advertising","volume":"29","author":"Arnita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. Mark. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"809","article-title":"Digital transformation readiness in education: A review","volume":"12","author":"Latifah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e12834","article-title":"Digital Transformation: A Meta-Review and Guidelines for Future Research","volume":"9","author":"Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2024.102262","article-title":"A PRISMA Systematic Review of Greenwashing in the Banking Industry: A Call for Action","volume":"69","author":"Galletta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0546","article-title":"PRISMA Reporting Guidelines for Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews","volume":"156","author":"Arya","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bager-Charleson, S., and McBeath, A. (2022). Doing Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Supporting Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Research, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-13942-0"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Alharbi, A.S. (2019, January 13\u201315). Challenges in digital transformation in Saudi Arabia obstacles in paradigm shift in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), New Delhi, India."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2019.03.262","article-title":"Industry 4.0 Readiness in Manufacturing Companies: Challenges and Enablers towards Increased Digitalization","volume":"81","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.12.003","article-title":"Essence of Digital Transformation\u2014Manifestations at Large Financial Institutions from North America","volume":"95","author":"Pramanik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bican, P.M., and Brem, A. (2020). Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable \u201cDigital\u201d?. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12135239"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2020.107883","article-title":"A fuzzy rule-based industry 4.0 maturity model for operations and supply chain management","volume":"231","author":"Caiado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.170","article-title":"Prerequisites for the implementation of industry 4.0 in manufacturing SMEs","volume":"51","author":"Genest","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1108\/JIC-02-2020-0024","article-title":"The role of national intellectual capital in the digital transformation of EU countries. Another digital divide?","volume":"22","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Cap."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acalib.2021.102403","article-title":"Digital transformation readiness: Perspectives on academia and library outcomes in information literacy","volume":"47","author":"Deja","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acad. Librariansh."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.15549\/jeecar.v8i4.848","article-title":"A Model for Assessing the Digital Transformation Readiness for Vietnamese SMEs","volume":"8","author":"Hoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. East. Eur. Cent. Asian Res. (JEECAR)"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"05021012","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002214","article-title":"Digital Transformation in the Australian AEC Industry: Prevailing Issues and Prospective Leadership Thinking","volume":"148","author":"Shinkle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Constr. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1108\/JQME-05-2013-0027","article-title":"A Maintenance Maturity Assessment Method for the Manufacturing Industry","volume":"19","author":"Macchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Qual. Maint. Eng."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"CMMI Product Team (2002). Capability Maturity Model\u00ae Integration (CMMI), Version 1.1\u2014Continuous Representation, Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roumell, E.A. (2024). Qualitative content analysis in adult education policy research: Developing a coding framework and conducting categorical analysis. Research Handbook on Adult Education Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781803925950.00011"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219417720931","article-title":"A categorical content analysis of highly cited literature related to trends and issues in special education","volume":"51","author":"Arden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Learn. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/0008125620934864","article-title":"Implementing a Digital Strategy: Learning from the Experience of Three Digital Transformation Projects","volume":"62","author":"Correani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Rauser, A. (2016). Digital Strategy: A Guide to Digital Business Transformation, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.17323\/1998-0663.2018.2.55.64","article-title":"Evaluation of the Readiness of a Company\u2019s IT Department for Digital Business Transformation","volume":"2018","author":"Isaev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Inform."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.08.044","article-title":"Assessment of Organizational Readiness for Digital Transformation in SMEs","volume":"204","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0008125620940296","article-title":"Digital Transformation and Organization Design: An Integrated Approach","volume":"62","author":"Kretschmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shehadeh, M., Almohtaseb, A., Aldehayyat, J., and Abu-AlSondos, I.A. (2023). Digital Transformation and Competitive Advantage in the Service Sector: A Moderated-Mediation Model. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032077"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaska, S., Massaro, M., Bagarotto, E.M., and Dal Mas, F. (2021). The Digital Transformation of Business Model Innovation: A Structured Literature Review. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.539363"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabac, R. (2022). Digital Balanced Scorecard System as a Supporting Strategy for Digital Transformation. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159690"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6282","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.1991020","article-title":"Digital Transformation Maturity Assessment: Development of the Digital Transformation Capability Maturity Model","volume":"60","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2024.114595","article-title":"Unveiling the Dimensions of Digital Transformation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy and Assessment Model for Business","volume":"176","author":"Kao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2020.1814461","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: Shifting Digital Transformation to a High-Speed Gear","volume":"37","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghavan, A., Demircioglu, M.A., and Orazgaliyev, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the New Normal of Organizations and Employees: An Overview. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111942"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larjovuori, R.-L., Bordi, L., and Heikkil\u00e4-Tammi, K. (2018, January 10). Leadership in the Digital Business Transformation. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Mindtrek Conference, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3275116.3275122"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2023.100314","article-title":"Being Ready for Digital Transformation: How to Enhance Employees\u2019 Intentional Digital Readiness","volume":"11","author":"Lau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/19\/4\/159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:39:59Z","timestamp":1760114399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/19\/4\/159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jtaer19040159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jtaer19040159","relation":{},"ISSN":["0718-1876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0718-1876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]}}}