{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:55:41Z","timestamp":1778536541034,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72202175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72202175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retail platforms have widely implemented recommender systems to provide personalized recommendations to consumers, influencing sales significantly. However, under the hybrid selling mode where platforms offer both their products and third-party sellers\u2019 products, the profitability of a recommender system and the optimal allocation of recommendations become critical considerations. This paper introduces a game-theoretic model to investigate these issues and unveil how a recommender system and its characteristics influence prices and profits. A key finding is that the recommender system increases prices and profits only if the commission rate is high and the system is profit-oriented or inaccurate. Surprisingly, higher recommendation accuracy does not always translate into higher profits; it is advantageous only in a consumer-oriented system. Moreover, the retail platform tends to allocate more recommendations to its own product than to the third-party seller\u2019s product, a strategy known as self-preferencing. This strategy gives the platform a competitive edge and boosts its profit compared to the third-party seller. Furthermore, the degree of self-preferencing varies with the accuracy and orientation of the recommendation system. Specifically, in a consumer-oriented system, self-preferencing increases with accuracy, while in a profit-oriented system, it decreases with accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer19040175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T07:42:18Z","timestamp":1734680538000},"page":"3606-3631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Personalized Recommendation in a Retail Platform Under the Hybrid Selling Mode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12885","article-title":"Marketplace, reseller, or hybrid: Strategic analysis of an emerging e-commerce model","volume":"27","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prod. 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