{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T03:50:45Z","timestamp":1776225045224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China\u2014Art Project\u2014Major Project","award":["23ZD16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZD16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to understand how interaction design can enhance the user experience of random video chats using virtual avatars (RVC\u2013VAs). We propose a framework to explain the mechanisms underlying changes in social anxiety and flow experiences. We applied analysis of variance (ANOVA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to data collected through surveys. Our findings indicate that a second-order construct, named mysterious interaction, comprising perceived interactivity, perceived vividness, and mystery, can reduce social anxiety and positively impact flow. Novelty experience enhances flow for female users but increases social anxiety for all users. Notably, social anxiety unexpectedly showed a positive effect on flow. Based on these findings, we propose interaction design strategies that could aid in the development and optimization of RVC-VA platforms, providing specific parameters to assist designers in prioritizing and planning actionable steps. This study makes a significant contribution to the advancing of online social services and addressing users\u2019 needs for online social interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer20010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T04:04:12Z","timestamp":1737345852000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u201cNice to Meet You in Masks\u201d: How Virtual Avatars Enhance User Experience on Random Video Chat Platforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9810-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2115-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design and Packaging, Belarusian National Technical University, 220013 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1852-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Textile Garment and Design, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Design, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9709-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Honam University, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221095218","article-title":"High-speed broadband availability, Internet activity among older people, quality of life and loneliness","volume":"26","author":"Mohan","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2021.1952285","article-title":"Subjective well-being, mobile social media and the enjoyment of tourism experience: A broaden-and-build perspective","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001148","article-title":"Social media use and friendship closeness in adolescents\u2019 daily lives: An experience sampling study","volume":"57","author":"Pouwels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer16070159","article-title":"User Intention of Anonymous Social application \u201cSoul\u201d in China: Analysis based on an extended technology acceptance model","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, X., and Yu, Z. (2022). A qualitative research on usage intention and platform swinging behavior of anonymous social applications \u201cSoul\u201d. Behav. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs12070230"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cheng, L. (2024, December 24). Large Language Models Intensify Competition in Social Networking: How Does Soul Address the Anxiety of Homogenized Rivalry?. Available online: https:\/\/www.jiemian.com\/article\/11237853.html."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"SocialFuture (2024, December 24). Social Future Raised $6M to Build AI-Driven Virtual Social Platform. Available online: https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20230406005225\/en\/Social-Future-Raised-6M-to-Build-AI-Driven-Virtual-Social-Platform."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, D., Yoon, S., Kim, S., and Lee, J. (2021, January 8\u201313). Blahblahbot: Facilitating conversation between strangers using a chatbot with ml-infused personalized topic suggestion. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Yokohama, Japan.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451771"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107100","article-title":"Is chatting with a sophisticated chatbot as good as chatting online or FTF with a stranger?","volume":"128","author":"Drouin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2020.02.010","article-title":"Unique associations of social media use and online appearance preoccupation with depression, anxiety, and appearance rejection sensitivity","volume":"33","author":"Hawes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2023.2246895","article-title":"To text or talk in person? Social anxiety, media affordances, and preferences for texting over face-to-face communication in dating relationships","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Osso, L., Cremone, I.M., Nardi, B., Amatori, G., Bonelli, C., Gravina, D., Benedetti, F., Del Prete, L., Massimetti, G., and Carpita, B. (2023). Measuring the neglected anxiety disorder: Validation of the social anxiety spectrum-short version (SHY-SV) questionnaire. BMC Psychiatry, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05137-5"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106407","article-title":"Intimacy, friendship, and forms of online communication among hidden youth in Hong Kong","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113372","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3441233","article-title":"Towards AI-Mediated Avatar-Based Telecommunication: Investigating Visual Impression of Switching Between User-and AI-Controlled Avatars in Video Chat","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., and Kim, S. (2022). How do people with physical disabilities want to construct virtual identities with avatars?. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.994786"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, J. (2022). Social virtual reality: Neurodivergence and inclusivity in the metaverse. Societies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/soc12040102"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00923-w","article-title":"Avatar identification and internet gaming disorder among Chinese middle school students: The serial mediating roles of flow and self-concept clarity","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abuhamdeh, S. (2020). Investigating the \u201cflow\u201d experience: Key conceptual and operational issues. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00158"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bredikhina, L., Kameoka, T., Shimbo, S., and Shirai, A. (2020, January 22\u201326). Avatar driven VR society trends in Japan. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00103"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2022.01.012","article-title":"Engaging the Avatar: The effects of authenticity signals during chat-based service recoveries","volume":"144","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh Kruzic, C., Kruzic, D., Herrera, F., and Bailenson, J. (2020). Facial expressions contribute more than body movements to conversational outcomes in avatar-mediated virtual environments. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76672-4"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1076217519898217","article-title":"\u201cThe me I want you to see\u201d: The use of video game avatars to explore identity in gifted adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Wood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gift. Child Today"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"794","article-title":"\u201cOh, happy day!\u201d Examining the role of AI-powered voice assistants as a positive technology in the formation of brand loyalty","volume":"17","author":"Huh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-12-2019-0512","article-title":"Understanding older adults\u2019 intention to share health information on social media: The role of health belief and information processing","volume":"31","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer16050103","article-title":"Financial innovation in digital payment with WeChat towards electronic business success","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102888","article-title":"The role of utilitarian and hedonic aspects in the continuance intention to use social mobile apps","volume":"66","author":"Akdim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"551","article-title":"The impact of emerging technology influences product placement effectiveness: A scoping study from interactive marketing perspective","volume":"16","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"815","article-title":"AI-driven technology and privacy: The value of social media responsibility","volume":"18","author":"Walker","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"683","article-title":"Augmented reality interactive technology and interfaces: A construal-level theory perspective","volume":"16","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"581","article-title":"Strengthening consumer\u2013brand relationships through avatars","volume":"17","author":"Elsharnouby","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"237","article-title":"Brand avatars: Impact of social interaction on consumer\u2013brand relationships","volume":"16","author":"Foster","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"734","article-title":"Effects of the anthropomorphic image of intelligent customer service avatars on consumers\u2019 willingness to interact after service failures","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2201353","article-title":"Exploring the impact of a \u2018confining\u2019imaginary of user-recommendation systems on platform usage and relationship development among dating app users","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"161","article-title":"Editorial\u2013What is an interactive marketing perspective and what are emerging research areas?","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, C., Sun, J., Chen, T., Miao, W., Yang, Y., Lin, S., and Chen, J. (2022). Examining the influence of using first-person view drones as auxiliary devices in matte painting courses on college students\u2019 continuous learning intention. J. Intell., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence10030040"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, C., Huang, T., Wei, W., Yang, C., Chen, J., Miao, W., Lin, S., Sun, H., and Sun, J. (2023). The effect of using augmented reality technology in takeaway food packaging to improve young consumers\u2019 negative evaluations. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13020335"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3492862","article-title":"\u201cI Felt a Little Crazy Following a \u2018Doll\u2019\u201d Investigating Real Influence of Virtual Influencers on Their Followers","volume":"6","author":"Choudhry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107681","article-title":"Finding love in online games: Social interaction, parasocial phenomenon, and in-game purchase intention of female game players","volume":"143","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.07.002","article-title":"Shopping in the digital world: Examining customer engagement through augmented reality mobile applications","volume":"101","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810142004","article-title":"Multidimensional constructs in organizational behavior research: An integrative analytical framework","volume":"4","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-02-2020-3661","article-title":"Impact of perceived interactivity and perceived value on mobile app stickiness: An emerging economy perspective","volume":"38","author":"Nandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"481","article-title":"The role of virtual reality interactivity in building tourists\u2019 memorable experiences and post-adoption intentions in the COVID-19 era","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"502","article-title":"How interactivity and vividness influence consumer virtual reality shopping experience: The mediating role of telepresence","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.101912","article-title":"Effects of perceived interactivity of augmented reality on consumer responses: A mental imagery perspective","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102756","article-title":"Interactivity, Inspiration, and Perceived Usefulness! How retailers\u2019 AR-apps improve consumer engagement through flow","volume":"64","author":"Arghashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"754","article-title":"How perceived interactivity affects consumers\u2019 shopping intentions in live stream commerce: Roles of immersion, user gratification and product involvement","volume":"17","author":"Joo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2021.1952803","article-title":"Influence of perceived interactivity on continuous use intentions on the danmaku video sharing platform: Belongingness perspective","volume":"38","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.\u2013Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v24i1.1620","article-title":"The Role of an Interactive Visual Learning Tool and Its Personalizability in Online Learning: Flow Experience","volume":"24","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Online Learn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haile, T.T., and Kang, M. (2020). Mobile augmented reality in electronic commerce: Investigating user perception and purchase intent amongst educated young adults. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12219185"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/13567667221141414","article-title":"When virtual reality meets destination marketing: The mediating role of presences between vividness and user responses","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vacat. Mark."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"760","article-title":"How augmented reality can improve e-commerce website quality through interactivity and vividness: The moderating role of need for touch","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fash. Mark. Manag. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"848","article-title":"Effects of vividness, information and aesthetic design on the appeal of pay-per-click ads","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of enduring involvement and perceived content vividness on digital engagement","volume":"14","author":"Vazquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.12.010","article-title":"The role of virtual reality on information sharing and seeking behaviors","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2021.1967428","article-title":"Breaking the psychological distance: The effect of immersive virtual reality on perceived novelty and user satisfaction","volume":"32","author":"Talukdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Mark."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"769","article-title":"The effect of novelty in in-game advertising: Examining the moderating role of interactivity and congruency","volume":"15","author":"Vashisht","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skavronskaya, L., Moyle, B., and Scott, N. (2020). The experience of novelty and the novelty of experience. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00322"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"461","article-title":"The mediation effect of marketing activities toward augmented reality: The perspective of extended customer experience","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103682","article-title":"Exploring the stimulating role of augmented reality features in E-commerce: A three-staged hybrid approach","volume":"77","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2023.2239854","article-title":"The power of culture: How it shapes tourists\u2019 online engagement with destinations","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Travel Tour. Mark."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1108\/MIP-04-2021-0129","article-title":"How well designed is your servicescape?","volume":"40","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mark. Intell. Plan."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.007","article-title":"Attribution analysis of luxury brands: An investigation into consumer-brand congruence through conspicuous consumption","volume":"116","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2023.2178395","article-title":"Destination fascination, well-being, and the reasonable person model of behavioural intention in heritage tourism","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/13875868.2020.1865359","article-title":"Aha! I know where I am: The contribution of visuospatial cues to reorientation in urban environments","volume":"21","author":"Charalambous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spat. Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Shen, C.-C., Tseng, T.A., and Lai, C.-Y. (2024). What is the most influential authenticity of beliefs, places, or actions on the pilgrimage tourism destination attachment?. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16010431"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2024.105190","article-title":"Wild or neat? Personal traits affect public preference for wildness of urban lakeshores in France and China","volume":"252","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2020.100323","article-title":"Leveraging the social network for treatment of social anxiety: Pilot study of a youth-specific digital intervention with a focus on engagement of young men","volume":"20","author":"Rice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jefferies, P., and Ungar, M. (2020). Social anxiety in young people: A prevalence study in seven countries. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239133"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.030","article-title":"The face behind the mask: The future of interpersonal interaction","volume":"109","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.027","article-title":"Psychopathological responses and face mask restrictions during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from a nationwide survey","volume":"87","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbon, C.-C. (2020). Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.566886"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2020.12.002","article-title":"Treating social anxiety in an era of social distancing: Adapting exposure therapy for youth during COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Pract."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3320240","article-title":"\u201cTo Be or Not to Be Me?\u201d: Exploration of Self-Similar Effects ofAvatars on Social Virtual Reality Experiences","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1929936","article-title":"Effects of mask-wearing on social anxiety: An exploratory review","volume":"34","author":"Saint","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"141","article-title":"Elusive masks: A semiotic approach of contemporary acts of masking","volume":"37","author":"Biggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lexia"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, Y., Kim, T., Kwon, H., Park, H., and Kim, K.J. (2024, January 11\u201316). Your Avatar Seems Hesitant to Share About Yourself: How People Perceive Others\u2019 Avatars in the Transparent System. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642568"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2021.101695","article-title":"Digital innovation: Review and novel perspective","volume":"30","author":"Hund","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08986","article-title":"Are customers happy with robot service? Investigating satisfaction with robot service restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"100802","article-title":"A review and extension of the flow experience concept. Insights and directions for Tourism research","volume":"38","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2020.1869387","article-title":"The influence of flow experience in the augmented reality context on psychological ownership","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Advert."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/20932685.2023.2180768","article-title":"Examining self-congruence between user and avatar in purchasing behavior from the metaverse to the real world","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Fash. Mark."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8219","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2278941","article-title":"Beyond avatar coolness: Exploring the effects of avatar attributes on continuance intention to play massively multiplayer online role-playing games","volume":"40","author":"Nan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.\u2013Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.09.030","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between smartphone activities, flow experience, and boredom in free time","volume":"103","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold, J., and Ciorciari, J. (2020). A review on the role of the neuroscience of flow states in the modern world. Behav. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10090137"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S., and Nakamura, J. (2005). Flow. Handbook of Competence and Motivation, Guilford Publications."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21813","DOI":"10.2196\/21813","article-title":"Relationship between children\u2019s enjoyment, user experience satisfaction, and learning in a serious video game for nutrition education: Empirical pilot study","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung, S.Y., and Ng, K.Y. (2021, January 13\u201316). Application of the educational game to enhance student learning. Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education, Lincoln, NE, USA.","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.623793"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.08.041","article-title":"Blending the real world and the virtual world: Exploring the role of flow in augmented reality experiences","volume":"122","author":"Barhorst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"195","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual reality technologies in digital entrepreneurship: A comparative study of two types of virtual agents","volume":"24","author":"Saad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Mark. Entrep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.746731","article-title":"Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition","volume":"13","author":"Koehn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beyrodt, S., Nicora, M.L., Nunnari, F., Chehayeb, L., Prajod, P., Schneeberger, T., Andr\u00e9, E., Malosio, M., Gebhard, P., and Tsovaltzi, D. (2023, January 19\u201322). Socially Interactive Agents as Cobot Avatars: Developing a Model to Support Flow Experiences and Well-Being in the Workplace. Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/3570945.3607349"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/hcre.12008","article-title":"Engagement with novel virtual environments: The role of perceived novelty and flow in the development of the deficient self-regulation of Internet use and media habits","volume":"39","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Commun. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Editorial: Demonstrating contributions through storytelling","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2019.101239","article-title":"An adoption model for virtual reality games: The roles of presence and enjoyment","volume":"42","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.11.012","article-title":"Two distinct routes for inducing emotions in HCI design","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104216","article-title":"Determinants of consumer adoption of multilingual self-service ordering systems in fast food restaurants","volume":"245","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.07.023","article-title":"A new flow of Location Based Service mobile games: Non-stickiness on Pok\u00e9mon Go","volume":"89","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_99","unstructured":"iResearch (2024, October 20). The Intriguing Soul: Is It Ultimately Bound to Fall into the \u201cSoul Trap\u201d?. Available online: https:\/\/column.iresearch.cn\/b\/202007\/893817.shtml."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"36Kr (2024, October 20). Soul Founder Zhang Lu: Monetization Is Strong, But Profitability Is Not the Priority Yet. Available online: https:\/\/www.hksilicon.com\/articles\/1889193."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australas. J. Paramed."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Goldberg, D.E., and Scheiner, S.M. (2020). ANOVA and ANCOVA: Field competition experiments. Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments, Chapman and Hall\/CRC."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, H., Coutanche, M.N., McMullen, L.M., Panter, A.T., Rindskopf, D., and Sher, K.J. (2023). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Data Analysis and Research Publication, American Psychological Association. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1037\/0000320-000"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-06-2021-0172","article-title":"Quality 4.0\u2014A measurement model using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach","volume":"40","author":"Sureshchandar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-023-09871-y","article-title":"Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations","volume":"41","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164402239315","article-title":"Using commonly available software for bootstrapping in both substantive and measurement analyses","volume":"63","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102310","article-title":"Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in Information Systems and marketing","volume":"58","author":"Pappas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2","article-title":"The use of Cronbach\u2019s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education","volume":"48","author":"Taber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabrigar, L.R., and Wegener, D.T. (2012). Exploratory Factor Analysis, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780199734177.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","article-title":"Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research","volume":"6","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, B.M. (2013). Structural Equation Modeling with Mplus: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807644"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zijlmans, E.A., Tijmstra, J., Van der Ark, L.A., and Sijtsma, K. (2019). Item-score reliability as a selection tool in test construction. Front. Psychol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02298"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/002224379803500211","article-title":"Learning and performance orientation of salespeople: The role of supervisors","volume":"35","author":"Kohli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Hair, J.F. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis, Kennesaw State University."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norhayati, M.N., Mofreh, S.A.M., and Azman, Y.M. (2021). Vicarious traumatization questionnaire: Psychometric properties using Rasch model and structural equation modeling. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094949"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.6.2.144","article-title":"Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2783","article-title":"Multicollinearity: How common factors cause Type 1 errors in multivariate regression","volume":"39","author":"Kalnins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800313","article-title":"Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peralta, A., and Rubalcaba, L. (2021). How governance paradigms and other drivers affect public managers\u2019 use of innovation practices. A PLS-SEM analysis and model. Mathematics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/math9091055"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119078","article-title":"Impacts of anti-corruption barriers on the efficacy of anti-corruption measures in infrastructure projects: Implications for sustainable development","volume":"246","author":"Owusu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragin, C.C. (2009). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond, University of Chicago Press.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226702797.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2018.1540652","article-title":"Comparing fsQCA with PLS-SEM: Predicting intended car use by national park tourists","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.60263120","article-title":"Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research","volume":"54","author":"Fiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.134","article-title":"Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA","volume":"69","author":"Dul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2024.100522","article-title":"What facilitates frugal innovation?\u2013A configurational study on the antecedent conditions using fsQCA","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Innov. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10339-5","article-title":"Impact of digital assistant attributes on millennials\u2019 purchasing intentions: A multi-group analysis using PLS-SEM, artificial neural network and fsQCA","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103424","article-title":"Unlocking potential: An integrated approach using PLS-SEM, NCA, and fsQCA for informed decision making","volume":"74","author":"Sukhov","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.091","article-title":"Country-based comparison analysis using fsQCA investigating entrepreneurial attitudes and activity","volume":"69","author":"Beynon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, E., D\u00f6llinger, N., Mal, D., Wenninger, S., Bartl, A., Botsch, M., Latoschik, M.E., and Wienrich, C. (2022). Does distance matter? Embodiment and perception of personalized avatars in relation to the self-observation distance in virtual reality. Front. Virtual Real., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.1031093"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03232-6","article-title":"Self-representation through avatars in digital environments","volume":"42","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, S.L., Broadbent, R., Brown, J., Fraser, A., and Speelman, C.P. (2022). Realistic motion avatars are the future for social interaction in virtual reality. Front. Virtual Real., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.750729"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3067783","article-title":"The influence of avatar representation on interpersonal communication in virtual social environments","volume":"27","author":"Aseeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.121","article-title":"Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5332","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2233133","article-title":"Usage motivations and user categorizations of Metaverse: Their impacts on offline activities","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.\u2013Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, F., Figueiredo, D.V., and Vagos, P. (2022). The prevalence of adolescent social fears and social anxiety disorder in school contexts. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912458"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00926-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the novelty effect in immersive Virtual Reality learning experiences","volume":"28","author":"Checa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"548","article-title":"Novelty, unexpectedness and surprise: A conceptual clarification","volume":"46","author":"Skavronskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tour. Recreat. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2017.04.001","article-title":"Is augmented reality technology an effective tool for e-commerce? An interactivity and vividness perspective","volume":"39","author":"Yim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_140","unstructured":"Klopfer, E., Perry, J., Squire, K., Jan, M.-F., and Steinkuehler, C. (2017). Mystery at the museum\u2014A collaborative game for museum education. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2005, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas, A., Fernandes, F., Dion\u00edsio, M., and Olim, S. (2023, January 15\u201317). Mystery in the Ecological Park: An Interactive Narrative to Promote Interaction with Biodiversity. Proceedings of the International Conference on Entertainment Computing, Bologna, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8248-6_32"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel-Alonso, I., Rodriguez-Garcia, B., Checa, D., and Bustillo, A. (2023). Countering the novelty effect: A tutorial for immersive virtual reality learning environments. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010593"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aust, F., Beneke, T., Peifer, C., and Wekenborg, M. (2022). The relationship between flow experience and burnout symptoms: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073865"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3010853","article-title":"Flow experience detection and analysis for game users by wearable-devices-based physiological responses capture","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ejaz, B., Muazzam, A., Anjum, A., Pollock, G., and Nawaz, R. (2020). Measuring the scale and scope of social anxiety among students in Pakistani higher education institutions: An alternative social anxiety scale. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12062164"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnelly, H.K., Richardson, D., and Solberg, S.V. (2021). Understanding somatic symptoms associated with South Korean adolescent suicidal ideation, depression, and social anxiety. Behav. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11110151"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/13284207.2021.1923128","article-title":"Development of a graphic medicine-enabled social media-based intervention for youth social anxiety","volume":"25","author":"Rice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102878","article-title":"Social anxiety as a moderator in consumer willingness to accept AI assistants based on utilitarian and hedonic values","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01156-1","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder","volume":"22","author":"Emmelkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kellems, R.O., Charlton, C., Kvers\u00f8y, K.S., and Gy\u0151ri, M. (2020). Exploring the use of virtual characters (avatars), live animation, and augmented reality to teach social skills to individuals with autism. Multimodal Technol. Interact., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/mti4030048"}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/1\/14\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:32:03Z","timestamp":1759919523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/1\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jtaer20010014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jtaer20010014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0718-1876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0718-1876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}