{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T02:38:33Z","timestamp":1783564713585,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["72172041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72172041"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20YJC630022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YJC630022"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024ZSMS043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS043"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["72172041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72172041"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["20YJC630022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YJC630022"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["2024ZSMS043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS043"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Universities Philosophy and Social Sciences","award":["72172041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72172041"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Universities Philosophy and Social Sciences","award":["20YJC630022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YJC630022"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Universities Philosophy and Social Sciences","award":["2024ZSMS043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As globalization deepens and the digital economy rapidly develops, cross-border e-commerce, especially live-streaming e-commerce, has emerged as a significant driver of international trade growth. However, the highly unpredictable sales demand in this sector and external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit have posed significant challenges in accurately forecasting sales within the UK live-streaming e-commerce market. To address these challenges, we propose a novel sales forecasting framework utilizing the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model. Our multimodal approach integrates diverse time series data, including historical sales, key opinion leader (KOL) influence, and seasonal patterns. The Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model demonstrated consistently lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Squared Error (MSE) across all forecasting horizons compared to other machine learning approaches, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Gated Recurrent Unit(GPU)-accelerated architectures. Furthermore, it exhibited significantly superior performance over traditional time-series methods such as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. This research proposes a phased framework for short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecasting, providing a fresh perspective for product forecasting studies and offering significant theoretical support for cross-border e-commerce enterprises in product life cycle management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer20020092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T20:57:16Z","timestamp":1746392236000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Forecasting Sales in Live-Streaming Cross-Border E-Commerce in the UK Using the Temporal Fusion Transformer Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7684-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9831-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9322-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengbin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.08.058","article-title":"Logistics Mode Selection and Information Sharing in a Cross-Border e-Commerce Supply Chain with Competition","volume":"314","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2023.114065","article-title":"Which Product Description Phrases Affect Sales Forecasting? An Explainable AI Framework by Integrating WaveNet Neural Network Models with Multiple Regression","volume":"176","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, January 01). APAC Regulatory & Legal Salary Guide. Available online: https:\/\/www.larsonmaddox.com\/regulatory-and-legal-salary-guide-compensation-benchmarking-in-key-industries-across-APAC."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10663-024-09634-y","article-title":"Analyzing the differential effects of COVID-19 on export flows: A focus on customs procedures","volume":"51","author":"Derindag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Empirica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1108\/K-02-2023-0182","article-title":"Effects of cross-border E-commerce customs declaration ceiling increase on export performance under COVID-19 conditions","volume":"53","author":"Aslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOPM-10-2019-0668","article-title":"Managing Supply Chain Uncertainty Arising from Geopolitical Disruptions: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry and Brexit","volume":"40","author":"Roscoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108405","article-title":"Supply Chain Resilience in the UK during the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Resource Orchestration Perspective","volume":"245","author":"Queiroz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Chen, J., Zhang, G., and Chen, S. (2024). Online Opinion Leadership Styles and Purchase Intention in Livestreaming E-Commerce. Serv. Ind. J., 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2024.2392157"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.11.004","article-title":"UK Outbound Travel and Brexit Complexity","volume":"72","author":"Pappas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2022, October 25). Trade, Migration and Brexit. Available online: https:\/\/ukandeu.ac.uk\/trade-migration-and-brexit\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1080\/10357823.2024.2308095","article-title":"The Global Imperative: Chinese Cross-Border E-Commerce and Its Political-Economic Implications in a Deglobalising World","volume":"48","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Stud. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2295686","article-title":"Whether Live Streaming Has a Better Performance? An Examination of Product Presentation Modes on Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101184","article-title":"Live Streaming Strategy under Multi-Channel Sales of the Online Retailer","volume":"55","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Liu, C., Ming, L., and Cheng, Y. (2022). The sales impacts of traffic acquisition promotion in live-streaming commerce. Prod. Oper. Manag., 10591478231224938.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4083469"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2023.114104","article-title":"A multimodal analytics framework for product sales prediction with the reputation of anchors in live streaming e-commerce","volume":"177","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2021.103509","article-title":"Live streaming commerce and consumers\u2019 purchase intention: An uncertainty reduction perspective","volume":"58","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2025, January 04). Frontiers | How Live Streaming Features Impact Consumers\u2019 Purchase Intention in the Context of Cross-Border E-Commerce? A Research Based on SOR Theory. Available online: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychology\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.767876\/full."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2021.104509","article-title":"On the Accuracy of ARIMA Based Prediction of COVID-19 Spread","volume":"27","author":"Alabdulrazzaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2022.05.001","article-title":"Distributed ARIMA models for ultra-long time series","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026978","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1026978","article-title":"Research on GDP forecast analysis combining BP neural network and ARIMA model","volume":"2021","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04021093","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001008","article-title":"Improving accuracy in predicting city-level construction cost indices by combining linear ARIMA and nonlinear ANNs","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101118","article-title":"LSTM with particle swarm optimization for sales forecasting","volume":"51","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2353","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2353","article-title":"Predicting e-commerce product prices through the integration of variational mode decomposition and deep neural networks","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2021.03.012","article-title":"Temporal fusion transformers for interpretable multi-horizon time series forecasting","volume":"37","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2019.09.004","article-title":"Cross-border e-commerce firms as supply chain integrators: The management of three flows","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2023.114013","article-title":"A two-stage prediction model based on behavior mining in livestream e-commerce","volume":"174","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2024.105513","article-title":"Cross-border e-commerce, trade digitisation and enterprise export resilience","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2021.1892464","article-title":"On the selection of forecasting accuracy measures","volume":"73","author":"Koutsandreas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"48","article-title":"Unlocking accurate demand forecasting in retail supply chains with AI-driven predictive analytics","volume":"14","author":"Muthukalyani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103032","article-title":"Impact of external factors on e-commerce market in cities and its implications on environment","volume":"72","author":"Cheba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103670","article-title":"What retail apocalypse? A Delphi forecast of commercial space demand in the Toronto region","volume":"77","author":"Daniel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"5568208","article-title":"Multimodal Data Guided Spatial Feature Fusion and Grouping Strategy for E-Commerce Commodity Demand Forecasting","volume":"2021","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mob. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"5227829","article-title":"Short-Term Demand Forecast of E-Commerce Platform Based on ConvLSTM Network","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108935","article-title":"A comparative online sales forecasting analysis: Data mining techniques","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"2410","article-title":"Performance Comparison of ARIMA, LSTM, and Prophet Methods in Sales Forecasting","volume":"8","author":"Suryawan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sink. J. Tek. Inform."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s40890-024-00216-y","article-title":"Forecasting Electric Vehicle Sales with ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing Method: The Case of India","volume":"10","author":"Dhankhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transport. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2022.09.005","article-title":"A machine learning-based framework for forecasting sales of new products with short life cycles using deep neural networks","volume":"39","author":"Elalem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, L., Liu, J., and Wang, W. (2024). Predicting sales and cross-border e-commerce supply chain management using artificial neural networks and the Capuchin search algorithm. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62368-6"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Xie, X., Pei, Z., Yi, W., Wang, C., Zhang, W., and Ji, Z. (2024). Development of a Time Series E-Commerce Sales Prediction Method for Short-Shelf-Life Products Using GRU-LightGBM. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020866"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Machine learning based cryptocurrency price prediction using historical data and social media sentiment","volume":"13","author":"Bhatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012153","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/407\/1\/012153","article-title":"Seasonal time series forecasting using sarima and holt winter\u2019s exponential smoothing","volume":"407","author":"Pongdatu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, Q., Zhang, X., Wang, P., Deng, B., and Pan, H. (2019, January 6\u20138). A neural network model for China B2C e-commerce sales forecast based on promotional factors and historical data. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering (ICEMME), Malacca, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMME49371.2019.00067"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-019-00399-7","article-title":"Research on sales information prediction system of e-commerce enterprises based on time series model","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. e-Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12969","article-title":"Consumer behaviour in cross-border e-commerce: Systematic literature review and future research agenda","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Consum. Stud."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2024.103129","article-title":"Short video creation and traffic investment decision in social e-commerce platforms","volume":"128","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103130","article-title":"Could AI livestream perform better than KOL in cross-border operations?","volume":"174","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2024.104077","article-title":"The key opinion leader introduction and pricing strategy for live streaming e-commerce platforms considering the impact of network effects","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-022-09651-8","article-title":"A study on the influence of the characteristics of key opinion leaders on consumers\u2019 purchase intention in live streaming commerce: Based on dual-systems theory","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Gui, L., and Lu, Y. (2024). Managing sales via livestream commerce: Implications of price negotiation and consumer price search. Prod. Oper. Manag., 10591478231224930.","DOI":"10.1177\/10591478231224930"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2021.1924864","article-title":"A study of KOL effectiveness on brand image of skincare products","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBEX.2020.106438","article-title":"Improving business process by predicting customer needs based on seasonal analysis: The role of big data in e-commerce","volume":"20","author":"Moorthi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2020.103409","article-title":"Zooming in the impacts of merchants\u2019 participation in transformation from online flash sale to mixed sale e-commerce platform","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-020-01495-8","article-title":"Deep end-to-end learning for price prediction of second-hand items","volume":"62","author":"Fathalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03666-w","article-title":"A data-driven forecasting approach for newly launched seasonal products by leveraging machine-learning approaches","volume":"303","author":"Kharfan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.54097\/45acxz19","article-title":"Research on E-Commerce Retail Demand Forecasting Based on SARIMA Model and K-means Clustering Algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12691","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05105-6","article-title":"Forecast of seasonal consumption behavior of consumers and privacy-preserving data mining with new S-Apriori algorithm","volume":"79","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2023.103863","article-title":"The \u201choliday effect\u201d in consumer satisfaction: Evidence from review ratings","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.12.047","article-title":"Willingness to pay for whole turkey attributes during Thanksgiving holiday shopping in the United States","volume":"99","author":"Bir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/jcpy.1271","article-title":"Promoting pi day: Consumer response to special day-themed sales promotions","volume":"32","author":"Zane","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.01.009","article-title":"A \u201chidden\u201d side of consumer grocery shopping choice","volume":"48","author":"Namin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1177\/00222437221150930","article-title":"Understanding how music influences shopping on weekdays and weekends","volume":"60","author":"Ahlbom","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103624","article-title":"Beyond weekdays: The impact of the weekend effect on eWOM of hedonic product","volume":"77","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5124","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2020.3720","article-title":"Timing to the statement: Understanding fluctuations in consumer credit use","volume":"67","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550620916080","article-title":"Happiness from treating the weekend like a vacation","volume":"12","author":"West","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/jcpy.1389","article-title":"How duration of storage affects food waste behavior","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.110718","article-title":"The cyclicity of coronavirus cases: \u201cWaves\u201d and the \u201cweekend effect\u201d","volume":"144","author":"Soukhovolsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akiba, T., Sano, S., Yanase, T., Ohta, T., and Koyama, M. (2019, January 4\u20138). Optuna: A next-generation hyperparameter optimization framework. Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, Anchorage, AK, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330701"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Vaswani, A. (2017). Attention is all you need. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 30."}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/2\/92\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:26:32Z","timestamp":1760030792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/2\/92"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jtaer20020092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jtaer20020092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0718-1876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0718-1876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]}}}