{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1760060431502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2024MG041","12001329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MG041","12001329"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2024MG041","12001329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MG041","12001329"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of information technology allows firms to access consumer purchase records, enabling them to distinguish between new and old consumers. Firms can then provide these groups with respective product pricing and promised delivery time. This paper develops a two-period dynamic model based on game theory to examine the effects of behavior-based pricing and behavior-based promised delivery time strategies on product price, promised delivery time, firm profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare under conditions where consumers exhibit time-sensitive preferences. We find, first, when firms opt to implement behavior-based pricing and promised delivery time strategies, they should offer lower (higher) prices and longer (shorter) delivery times to new (old) consumers. Second, the implementation of behavior-based pricing and promised delivery time strategies may decrease firm profits while enhancing consumer surplus. Third, when consumers exhibit stronger time-sensitive preferences, behavior-based pricing and promised delivery time strategies can enhance social welfare; conversely, they may have a detrimental impact on social welfare. Finally, we extend the model into three aspects\u2014asymmetric strategy selection, firm logistics service costs, and myopic consumer behavior\u2014to enrich our research and test the robustness of the model. The results of this paper supply managerial implications and theoretical references for firms\u2019 strategic implementation and policy-making by relevant government departments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer20030227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1756735366000},"page":"227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Faster Delivery? You May Be Paying a Higher Price than Others!"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2253-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaigeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenshuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0145(06)01007-5","article-title":"Behavior-based price discrimination and consumer recognition","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Fudenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Handbook on Economics and Information Systems"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2016.2467","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing in vertically differentiated industries","volume":"63","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"425","article-title":"Behavior-based quality discrimination","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.1040.0103","article-title":"Conditioning prices on purchase history","volume":"24","author":"Acquisti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0022243719834945","article-title":"The charm of behavior-based pricing: When consumers\u2019 taste is diverse and the consideration set is limited","volume":"56","author":"Amaldoss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-2171.12363","article-title":"Competitive differential pricing","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"RAND J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2017.1070","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing in marketing channels","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2020.0900","article-title":"JD.com: Transaction-level data for the 2020 MSOM data driven research challenge","volume":"26","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2023.102990","article-title":"Promised-delivery-time-driven reselling facing global platform\u2019s private label competition: Game analysis and data validation","volume":"123","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-01-2017-0030","article-title":"Consumer sensitivity to delivery lead time: A furniture retail case","volume":"48","author":"Marino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2023.4777","article-title":"Where to cut the long tail? the value of carrying inventory in online retail","volume":"70","author":"Baldauf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2021.0174","article-title":"Sooner or later? Promising delivery speed in online retail","volume":"26","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/0022243719849940","article-title":"The value of rapid delivery in omnichannel retailing","volume":"56","author":"Fisher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., and Song, G. (2016, January 24\u201327). Can delivery speed affect sale in ecommerce: Evidence from household appliance. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/LISS.2016.7854601"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.12.079","article-title":"Does delivery service differentiation matter? Comparing rural to urban e-consumer satisfaction and retention","volume":"142","author":"Vakulenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2013.1829","article-title":"Eliciting prospect theory when consequences are measured in time units: \u201cTime is not money\u201d","volume":"60","author":"Abdellaoui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1060.0337","article-title":"Competition in service industries","volume":"55","author":"Allon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2023.0223","article-title":"Disclosing Delivery Performance Information When Consumers Are Sensitive to Promised Delivery Time, Delivery Reliability, and Price","volume":"26","author":"Leng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Yan, X., and Yu, Y. (2025). Product price and delivery-time commitment decisions with reference effects. Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev., 197.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2025.104093"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2307\/1593704","article-title":"Price cycles in markets with customer recognition","volume":"35","year":"2004","journal-title":"RAND J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2307\/2696352","article-title":"Customer poaching and brand switching","volume":"31","author":"Tirole","year":"2000","journal-title":"RAND J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2013.10.010","article-title":"Elasticity of demand and behavior-based price discrimination","volume":"32","author":"Esteves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Organ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2015.2265","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing: An analysis of the impact of peer-induced fairness","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing and consumer fairness concerns with green product design","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2021.02.003","article-title":"How does customer recognition affect service provision?","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Mark."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2013.1771","article-title":"The strategic value of high-cost consumers","volume":"60","author":"Subramanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., and Li, K.J. (2025). Retention or Acquisition? Behavior-Based Quality Disclosure. Manag. Sci.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5106550"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.3858","article-title":"Retailers\u2019 information disclosure strategies with behavior-based pricing in competitive supply chains","volume":"44","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Manag. Decis. Econ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Li, F., Teng, W., Cai, G., and Zhu, X. (2025). Pricing experience goods: Distinguishing product quality through behavior-based pricing. J. Oper. Res. Soc., 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2025.2464934"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2016.2463","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing, production efficiency, and quality differentiation","volume":"63","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12546","article-title":"Product and service innovation with customer recognition","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Decis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1108\/09600031211250604","article-title":"Paying for convenience: Attractiveness and revenue potential of time-based delivery services","volume":"42","author":"Goebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2017.08.002","article-title":"Strategic entry to regional air cargo market under joint competition of demand and promised delivery time","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2014.06.005","article-title":"The role of physical distribution services as determinants of product returns in Internet retailing","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2013.0462","article-title":"Time-based competition with benchmark effects","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.2017.1702","article-title":"Service pricing with loss-averse customers","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.05.067","article-title":"Managing a dual-channel supply chain under price and delivery-time dependent stochastic demand","volume":"272","author":"Modak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modak, I., Bardhan, S., and Giri, B.C. (2025). Optimal dynamic pricing and preservation policies under quality-, stock-and price-sensitive demand with partial backlogging and controllable lead time. Int. J. Syst. Sci. Oper. Logist., 12.","DOI":"10.1080\/23302674.2025.2462098"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, A.L.D.C.M., Teixeira, R., Araujo, F.V.M., and Picanco Rodrigues, V. (2025). Punctuality and customer satisfaction in attended home delivery: The moderation effects of price-promotional, emotional and pandemic events. Benchmark. Int. J.","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-02-2023-0119"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7559","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2020.01274","article-title":"Customer preferences for delivery service attributes in attended home delivery","volume":"11","author":"Amorim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, X., and Wang, C. (2022). Optimal-quality choice and committed delivery time in build-to-order supply chain. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811746"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242620962658","article-title":"Strategic orientations and digital marketing tactics in cross-border e-commerce: Comparing developed and emerging markets","volume":"39","author":"Goldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Small Bus. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/jbl.12210","article-title":"What is the right delivery option for you? Consumer preferences for delivery attributes in online retailing","volume":"40","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Logist."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-06-2018-0104","article-title":"The \u201cnext day, free delivery\u201d myth unravelled: Possibilities for sustainable last mile transport in an omnichannel environment","volume":"47","author":"Verlinde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Retail. Distrib. Manag."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyama, Y., Fukuda, D., Imura, N., and Nishinari, K. (2024). Do people really want fast and precisely scheduled delivery? E-commerce customers\u2019 valuations of home delivery timing. J. Retail. Consum. Serv., 78.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2024.103711"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1346324","article-title":"Pricing decisions in closed-loop supply chains with marketing effort and fairness concerns","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, T., and Guo, Y. (2024). The brand self-live streaming or the influencer live-streaming? The impact of dispatching time on the brand decisions. Electron. Commer. Res., 1\u201338.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-024-09924-4"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2307\/2556067","article-title":"Dynamic competition with consumer recognition","volume":"30","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rand J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1108\/08876040410561839","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 perceptions of e-shopping characteristics: An expectancy-value approach","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Serv. Mark."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1090.1062","article-title":"Battle of the retail channels: How product selection and geography drive cross-channel competition","volume":"55","author":"Brynjolfsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/3\/227\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:37:10Z","timestamp":1760035030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/0718-1876\/20\/3\/227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jtaer20030227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jtaer20030227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0718-1876"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"0718-1876"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}