{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:58:23Z","timestamp":1782331103630,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences","award":["2022WZJD012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WZJD012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JTAER"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise of the circular economy and e-commerce has led to the emergence of e-commerce closed-loop supply chains (ECLSCs). In practice, investing in process innovation (PI) is key to improving profitability and competitiveness. However, manufacturers at the downstream of ECLSCs often face financial constraints and quality uncertainty of used products, while research on how to select financing strategies under these conditions remains limited. To explore the optimal financing scheme for the ECLSC, this study investigates two financing schemes: bank financing (BF) and FinTech platform financing (FPF), which offers a combination of debt financing (DF) and equity financing (EF). Some key findings are derived. For the ECLSC, the FPF scheme is more profitable when the unit manufacturing cost for new components exceeds the threshold or PI costs are relatively low. Additionally, the FPF performs better when the FPF interest rate is low and the DF ratio is high. The BF is more beneficial when consumer sensitivity to recycling prices or service is low. The FPF enables the ECLSC to achieve maximum profits and minimize environmental impact within a specific range. Furthermore, the financing models are extended to incorporate considerations of fairness, where the optimal financing scheme is primarily influenced by the manufacturing cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer21020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:14:07Z","timestamp":1769426047000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimal Financing Schemes for E-Commerce Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Quality Uncertainty: Balancing Profitability and Environmental Impact"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou 510700, China"},{"name":"School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Base of Cross-Border Flow Risk and Governance, Zhuhai School, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0186-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huajun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137528","article-title":"Circular Economy E-Business Model Portfolio Development for E-Business Applications: Impacts on Esg and Sustainability Performance","volume":"415","author":"Fatimah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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