{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:42:52Z","timestamp":1760240572707,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MAKE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years researchers have worked to understand image contents in computer vision. In particular, the bag of visual words (BoVW) model, which describes images in terms of a frequency histogram of visual words, is the most adopted paradigm. The main drawback is the lack of information about location and the relationships between features. For this purpose, we propose a new paradigm called bag of ARSRG (attributed relational SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) regions graph) words (BoAW). A digital image is described as a vector in terms of a frequency histogram of graphs. Adopting a set of steps, the images are mapped into a vector space passing through a graph transformation. BoAW is evaluated in an image classification context on standard datasets and its effectiveness is demonstrated through experimental results compared with well-known competitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/make1030050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T11:17:47Z","timestamp":1565003867000},"page":"871-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bag of ARSRG Words (BoAW)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8727-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Manzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Services, University of Naples \u201cL\u2019Orientale\u201d, 80121 Naples, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secondary School Teacher of Computer Science, Mattei Istitute of Aversa, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzo, M., and Petrosino, A. 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