{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:34:59Z","timestamp":1772087699254,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"Fonds National de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C17\/MS\/11688643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C17\/MS\/11688643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"Fonds National de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PoC20 \/   15299666 \/ NOFAKES-PoC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PoC20 \/   15299666 \/ NOFAKES-PoC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MAKE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arrays of Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors (CSRs), microscopic cholesteric liquid crystals in a spherical shape, have been argued to become a game-changing technology in anti-counterfeiting. Used to build identifiable tags or coating, called CSR IDs, they can supply objects with unclonable fingerprint-like characteristics, making it possible to authenticate objects. In a previous study, we have shown how to extract minuti\u00e6 from CSR IDs. In this journal version, we build on that previous research, consolidate the methodology, and test it over CSR IDs obtained by different production processes. We measure the robustness and reliability of our procedure on large and variegate sets of CSR IDs\u2019 images taken with a professional microscope (Laboratory Data set) and with a microscope that could be used in a realistic scenario (Realistic Data set). We measure intra-distance and interdistance, proving that we can distinguish images coming from the same CSR ID from images of different CSR IDs. However, without surprise, images in Laboratory Data set have an intra-distance that on average is less, and with less variance, than the intra-distance between responses from Realistic Data set. With this evidence, we discuss a few requirements for an anti-counterfeiting technology based on CSRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/make4010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T07:22:35Z","timestamp":1645687355000},"page":"222-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Analysis of Cholesteric Spherical Reflector Identifiers for Object Authenticity Verification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica P.","family":"Arenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8229-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Lenzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Elucidating the fine details of cholesteric liquid crystal shell reflection patterns","volume":"44","author":"Geng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liq. 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