{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:44:12Z","timestamp":1772207052465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006298","name":"European Commission (European Regional Development Fund)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100365076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100365076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MAKE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite increasing digitalization and automation, complex production processes often require human judgment\/decision-making adaptability. Humans can abstract and transfer knowledge to new situations. People in production are an irreplaceable resource. This paper presents a new concept for digitizing human expertise and their ability to make knowledge-based decisions in the production area based on ontologies and causal Bayesian networks for further research. Dedicated approaches for the ontology-based creation of Bayesian networks exist in the literature. Therefore, we first comprehensively analyze previous studies and summarize the approaches. We then add the causal perspective, which has often not been an explicit subject of consideration. We see a research gap in the systematic and structured approach to ontology-based generation of causal graphs (CGs). At the current state of knowledge, the semantic understanding of a domain formalized in an ontology can contribute to developing a generic approach to derive a CG. The ontology functions as a knowledge base by formally representing knowledge and experience. Causal inference calculations can mathematically imitate the human decision-making process under uncertainty. Therefore, a systematic ontology-based approach to building a CG can allow digitizing the human ability to make decisions based on experience and knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/make6020042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T12:06:38Z","timestamp":1714651598000},"page":"898-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Concept Paper for a Digital Expert: Systematic Derivation of (Causal) Bayesian Networks Based on Ontologies for Knowledge-Based Production Steps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8944-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manja Mai-Ly","family":"Pfaff-Kastner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Ihlenfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"},{"name":"Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls, Technical University Dresden, Helmholtzstra\u00dfe 7a, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2011.12.001","article-title":"An ontology-based approach for constructing Bayesian networks","volume":"73","author":"Fenz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Data Knowl. 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