{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:08:02Z","timestamp":1775146082505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades of Spain (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER, UE)","award":["PID2022-136455NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136455NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades of Spain (MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER, UE)","award":["ILISABIO 2023 Modalidad de PROYECTOS DE INNOVACI\u00d3N-ILISABIO23-PI03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ILISABIO 2023 Modalidad de PROYECTOS DE INNOVACI\u00d3N-ILISABIO23-PI03"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez de Elche-Vicerrectorado de Planificaci\u00f3n y responsabilidad Social","award":["PID2022-136455NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136455NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez de Elche-Vicerrectorado de Planificaci\u00f3n y responsabilidad Social","award":["ILISABIO 2023 Modalidad de PROYECTOS DE INNOVACI\u00d3N-ILISABIO23-PI03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ILISABIO 2023 Modalidad de PROYECTOS DE INNOVACI\u00d3N-ILISABIO23-PI03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MAKE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bayesian networks (BNs) are probabilistic graphical models that leverage Bayes\u2019 theorem to portray dependencies and cause-and-effect relationships between variables. These networks have gained prominence in the field of health sciences, particularly in diagnostic processes, by allowing the integration of medical knowledge into models and addressing uncertainty in a probabilistic manner. Objectives: This review aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the current state of Bayesian networks in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, it seeks to introduce readers to the fundamental methodology of BNs, emphasising their versatility and applicability across varied medical domains. Employing a meticulous search strategy with MeSH descriptors in diverse scientific databases, we identified 190 relevant references. These were subjected to a rigorous analysis, resulting in the retention of 60 papers for in-depth review. The robustness of our approach minimised the risk of selection bias. Results: The selected studies encompass a wide range of medical areas, providing insights into the statistical methodology, implementation feasibility, and predictive accuracy of BNs, as evidenced by an average area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 75%. The comprehensive analysis underscores the adaptability and efficacy of Bayesian networks in diverse clinical scenarios. The majority of the examined studies demonstrate the potential of BNs as reliable adjuncts to clinical decision-making. The findings of this review affirm the role of Bayesian networks as accessible and versatile artificial intelligence tools in healthcare. They offer a viable solution to address complex medical challenges, facilitating timely and informed decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The extensive exploration of Bayesian networks presented in this review highlights their significance and growing impact in the realm of disease diagnosis and prognosis. It underscores the need for further research and development to optimise their capabilities and broaden their applicability in addressing diverse and intricate healthcare challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/make6020058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T07:39:49Z","timestamp":1717486789000},"page":"1243-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Bayesian Networks for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diseases: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6116-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Polotskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Operations Research, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5779-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Operations Research, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rabasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Operations Research, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6947-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Quesada-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Research Center, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit for Advanced Statistical Methods in Health Sciences UMH-FISABIO: STATSALUT, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo","family":"Orozco-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Research Center, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3079-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Operations Research, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit for Advanced Statistical Methods in Health Sciences UMH-FISABIO: STATSALUT, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03202 Elche, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.03.029","article-title":"Expert system for predicting unstable angina based on Bayesian networks","volume":"40","author":"Sanchis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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