{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:03:38Z","timestamp":1779671018436,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MAKE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and early detection of polyps via colonoscopy is essential for improving patient survival. However, automatic polyp segmentation faces three key challenges: balancing global context with local detail, delineating ambiguous boundaries under low contrast, and handling large variations in polyp size and morphology. To address these challenges, we propose WMA-Net, a Wavelet-Guided Mamba-Attention Network that uses wavelet-domain semantic\u2013boundary separation as the organizing design principle. Rather than introducing a new individual operator, the contribution lies in how existing components\u2014wavelet decomposition, Mamba state space modeling, multi-directional pixel difference convolution, and uncertainty-aware reverse attention\u2014are combined and coordinated within one boundary-aware framework. The architecture integrates pixel difference convolution for multi-directional edge detection, frequency-selective cross-scale fusion with dual-stream wavelet-domain processing, Mamba-based multi-scale aggregation with linear complexity, and uncertainty-aware progressive boundary refinement. Extensive experiments on five public polyp benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on four out of five datasets. On the seen datasets, WMA-Net achieves mean Dice scores of 94.4% on CVC-ClinicDB and 93.6% on Kvasir-SEG. On the unseen datasets, WMA-Net attains 91.7% on CVC-300, 82.3% on CVC-ColonDB, and 83.8% on ETIS-LaribPolypDB, demonstrating robust cross-dataset generalization. Comprehensive ablation studies validate the effectiveness and synergy of each proposed module.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/make8060142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1779669033000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wavelet-Guided Mamba-Attention Network for Boundary-Aware Colorectal Polyp Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8816-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Ashidi Mat","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7891-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3652-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fajin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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