{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1760243564836,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel angle detector for laser beams is designed in this paper. It takes advantage of grating coupling to couple the incident light into a slab waveguide; and, the incident light\u2019s angle can be determined by reading the outputs of light detectors within the waveguide. This device offers fast-responding on-chip detection of laser beam\u2019s angle. Compared to techniques based on quadrant photodiodes or lateral effect photodiodes, the device in this paper has far greater detectable range (up to a few degrees, to be specific). Performance of the laser angle detector in this paper is demonstrated by finite-difference-time-domain simulations. Numerical results show that, the detectable angle range can be adjusted by several design parameters and can reach [\u22124\u00b0, 4\u00b0]. The laser beam angle detector in this paper is expected to find various applications such as ultra-fast optical interconnects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi3010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1328098995000},"page":"36-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design of an Angle Detector for Laser Beams Based on Grating Coupling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tapas Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1039\/B512596K","article-title":"Reflective thermal lens detection device","volume":"6","author":"Mawatari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.003323","article-title":"Active sub-Rayleigh alignment of parallel or antiparallel laser beams","volume":"30","author":"Chiow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. 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