{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:46:43Z","timestamp":1762375603961,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shock\/boundary layer interaction (SBLI) is an undesirable phenomenon, occurring in high-speed propulsion systems. The conventional method to manipulate and control SBLI is using a bleed system that involves the removal of a certain amount of mass of the inlet flow to control boundary layer separation. However, the system requires a larger nacelle to compensate the mass loss, larger nacelles contribute to additional weight and drag and reduce the overall performance. This study investigates a novel type of flow control device called micro-ramps, a part of the micro vortex generators (VGs) family that intends to replace the bleed technique. Micro-ramps produce pairs of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, which help to suppress SBLI and reduce the chances of flow separation. Experiments were done at Mach 5 with two micro-ramp models of different sizes. Schlieren photography, surface flow visualization and infrared thermography were used in this investigation. The results revealed the detailed flow characteristics of the micro-ramp, such as the primary and secondary vortices. This helps us to understand the overall flow physics of micro-ramps in hypersonic flow and their application for SBLI control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi3020364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T11:04:10Z","timestamp":1335438250000},"page":"364-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Micro-Ramps for Hypersonic Flow Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mohd R.","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Zare-Behtash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Che-Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kontis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-0421(85)90001-6","article-title":"Shock\/wave\/turbulent boundary layer interaction and its control","volume":"22","author":"Delery","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog. 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