{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:06:59Z","timestamp":1778274419205,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here we present an electrical lysis throughput of 600 microliters per minute at high cell density (108 yeast cells per ml) with 90% efficiency, thus improving the current common throughput of one microliter per minute. We also demonstrate the extraction of intracellular luciferase from mammalian cells with efficiency comparable to off-chip bulk chemical lysis. The goal of this work is to develop a sample preparation module that can act as a stand-alone device or be integrated to other functions already demonstrated in miniaturized devices, including sorting and analysis, towards a true lab-on-a-chip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi3030574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T10:58:41Z","timestamp":1345114721000},"page":"574-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Very High Throughput Electrical Cell Lysis and Extraction of Intracellular Compounds Using 3D Carbon Electrodes in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Mernier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsystems Laboratory LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Martinez-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsystems Laboratory LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajwinder","family":"Lehal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Renaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsystems Laboratory LMIS4, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869664","article-title":"Electrical hemolysis of human and bovine red blood cells","volume":"30","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. 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