{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1770958894310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beginning with a short historical sketch, electrodynamic energy harvesters with focus on vibration generators and volumes below 1dm3 are reviewed. The current challenges to generate up to several milliwatts of power from practically relevant flows and vibrations are addressed, and the variety of available solutions is sketched. Sixty-seven different harvester concepts from more than 130 publications are classified with respect to excitation, additional boundary conditions, design and fabrication. A chronological list of the harvester concepts with corresponding references provides an impression about the developments. Besides resonant harvester concepts, the review includes broadband approaches and mechanisms to harvest from flow. Finally, a short overview of harvesters in applications and first market ready concepts is given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi4020168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T11:20:49Z","timestamp":1367234449000},"page":"168-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Review on Electrodynamic Energy Harvesters\u2014A Classification Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Clemens","family":"Cepnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Micro Actuators, University of Freiburg, IMTEK, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Lausecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Micro Actuators, University of Freiburg, IMTEK, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Wallrabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Micro Actuators, University of Freiburg, IMTEK, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Delayed light studies on photosynthetic energy conversion","volume":"143","author":"Bertsch","year":"1967","journal-title":"I. 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