{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1761252913131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two Si-based micro pulsating heat pipes (\u00b5PHPs) charged using HFE-7100 were either horizontally or vertically oriented and were tested using several heating powers. The width of each channel was 0.8 mm in one \u00b5PHP containing uniform channels, and the channel width was 1.0 mm or 0.6 mm in the other \u00b5PHP, which did not contain uniform channels. The depth of each channel was 0.25 mm. The overall size of each \u00b5PHP was 60 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 1.25 mm. Visual observation and temperature measurement of the \u00b5PHPs under various conditions were performed and the results were analyzed. The results indicated that when the \u00b5PHPs were operated horizontally at a heating power ranging from 1 to 7 W, the pulsating two-phase flow in the channels of the \u00b5PHPs could not begin, except when the \u00b5PHP containing nonuniform channels was tested at a heating power of  7 W. With a heating power less than 5 W, the frequency of the sine-like oscillating displacement of the vapor slug increased and the displacement of the vapor slug reduced in either vertically oriented \u03bcPHP, as the heating power increased With a heating power higher than 5 W, periodic \u201cstart-stop\u201d behaviors were observed in the vertical \u03bcPHP containing nonuniform channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi5020385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T11:34:08Z","timestamp":1403264048000},"page":"385-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Experimental Investigation of Micro Pulsating Heat Pipes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kai-Shing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Lab., Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shan","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Lab., Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Hsiang","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Energy and Environment Research Lab., Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Cherng","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2011.04.014","article-title":"Investigation of a flat-plate oscillating heat pipe with Tesla-type check valves","volume":"35","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. 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Part B: Visualization and semi-empirical modeling","volume":"23","author":"Charoensawan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.034","article-title":"High speed flow visualization of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2007.10.019","article-title":"Effect of silver nano-fluid on pulsating heat pipe thermal performance","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.04.033","article-title":"Experimental study on pulsating heat pipe with functional thermal fluids","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. 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Heat Transf."}],"container-title":["Micromachines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/5\/2\/385\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:12:47Z","timestamp":1760217167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-666X\/5\/2\/385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["mi5020385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi5020385","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-666X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-666X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]]}}}