{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:22:50Z","timestamp":1760242970672,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A dual-chamber anode structure is proposed in order to solve two performance problems of the conventional passive micro direct methanol fuel cell (\u03bc-DMFC). One of the problems is the unstable performance during long time discharge. The second problem is the short operating time. In this structure, low concentration chamber is filled with methanol solution with appropriate concentration for the \u03bc-DMFC. Pure methanol in high concentration chamber diffuses to the low concentration chamber to keep the concentration of methanol solution suitable for long-term discharge of \u03bc-DMFC. In this study, a  Nafion-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite membrane is inserted between the two chambers to conduct pure methanol. The experimental results during long-term discharge show that the stable operating time of passive \u03bc-DMFC increases by nearly 2.3 times compared to a conventional one with the same volume. These results could be applied to real products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi6020230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T08:25:00Z","timestamp":1423038300000},"page":"230-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Structure Design and Implementation of the Passive \u03bc-DMFC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro Electro Mechanic System (MEMS) Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2A Building Scientific Park, 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro Electro Mechanic System (MEMS) Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2A Building Scientific Park, 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zezhong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro Electro Mechanic System (MEMS) Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2A Building Scientific Park, 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro Electro Mechanic System (MEMS) Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2A Building Scientific Park, 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.01.099","article-title":"Effects of anode microporous layers made of carbon powder and nanotubes on water transport in direct methanol fuel cells","volume":"191","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2008.06.036","article-title":"Performance evaluation of passive direct methanol fuel cell with methanol vapour supplied through a flow channel","volume":"184","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.09.017","article-title":"Power characteristics and fluid transfer in 40W direct methanol fuel cell stack","volume":"164","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2010.11.012","article-title":"Passive direct methanol fuel cells for portable electronic devices","volume":"88","author":"Achmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. 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