{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1775477533101,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Untethered, controllable, mobile microrobots have been proposed for numerous applications, ranging from micro-manipulation, in vitro tasks (e.g., operation of microscale biological substances) to in vivo applications (e.g., targeted drug delivery; brachytherapy; hyperthermia, etc.), due to their small-scale dimensions and accessibility to tiny and complex environments. Researchers have used different magnetic actuation systems allowing custom-designed workspace and multiple degrees of freedom (DoF) to actuate microrobots with various motion control methods from open-loop pre-programmed control to closed-loop path-following control. This article provides an overview of the magnetic actuation systems and the magnetic actuation-based control methods for microrobots. An overall benchmark on the magnetic actuation system and control method is also discussed according to the applications of microrobots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi6091346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1442399616000},"page":"1346-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Magnetic Actuation Based Motion Control for Microrobots: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518100, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangfan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Hongsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Engineering Department, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 704-230, Korea"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518100, China"},{"name":"Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2007.380641","article-title":"Robotics in the Small, Part I: Microbotics","volume":"14","author":"Abbott","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Rob. 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