{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:20:56Z","timestamp":1762298456213,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a convenient method to create a three-dimensional micro-rotational fluidic platform for biological applications in the direction of a vertical plane (out-of-plane) without contact in an open space. Unlike our previous complex fluidic manipulation system, this method uses a micro-rotational flow generated near a single orifice when the solution is pushed from the orifice by using a single pump. The three-dimensional fluidic platform shows good potential for fluidic biological applications such as culturing, stimulating, sorting, and manipulating cells. The pattern and velocity of the micro-rotational flow can be controlled by tuning the parameters such as the flow rate and the liquid-air interface height. We found that bio-objects captured by the micro-rotational flow showed self-rotational motion and orbital motion. Furthermore, the path length and position, velocity, and pattern of the orbital motion of the bio-object could be controlled. To demonstrate our method, we used embryoid body cells. As a result, the orbital motion had a maximum length of 2.4 mm, a maximum acceleration of 0.63 m\/s2, a frequency of approximately 0.45 Hz, a maximum velocity of 15.4 mm\/s, and a maximum rotation speed of 600 rpm. The capability to have bio-objects rotate or move orbitally in three dimensions without contact opens up new research opportunities in three-dimensional microfluidic technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi7080140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T10:14:10Z","timestamp":1470824050000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Method of Three-Dimensional Micro-Rotational Flow Generation for Biological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaxiaer","family":"Yalikun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yasunari","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ramalingam, A.V., and Shi, S. 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