{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T23:26:57Z","timestamp":1774740417610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silicon micromachined, high-density, pyramid-shaped neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been designed and fabricated for intracortical 3D recording and stimulation. The novel architecture of this MEA has made it unique among the currently available micromachined electrode arrays, as it has provided higher density contacts between the electrodes and targeted neural tissue facilitating recording from different depths of the brain. Our novel masking technique enhances uniform tip-exposure for variable-height electrodes and improves process time and cost significantly. The tips of the electrodes have been coated with platinum (Pt). We have reported for the first time a selective direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the tips of 3D MEAs using the Pt coating as a catalyzer. The average impedance of the CNT-coated electrodes at 1 kHz is 14 k\u2126. The CNT coating led to a 5-fold decrease of the impedance and a 600-fold increase in charge transfer compared with the Pt electrode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi7090163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T10:08:36Z","timestamp":1473329316000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Direct Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on New High-Density 3D Pyramid-Shaped Microelectrode Arrays for Brain-Machine Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Ghane Motlagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polystim Neurotechnologies Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Choueib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne 69622, France"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Hajhosseini Mesgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microfabrication Laboratory (LMF), Thin Films Group (GCM), Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Hasanuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polystim Neurotechnologies Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Sawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polystim Neurotechnologies Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2007.916026","article-title":"A highly flexible system for microstimulation of the visual cortex: Design and implementation","volume":"1","author":"Coulombe","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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