{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:08:20Z","timestamp":1773832100745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-14-CE17-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-14-CE17-0018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reports an empirical study of a multisensory map used by visually impaired primary school pupils, to study human habitats and differences between urban, suburban and rural areas using a local example. Using multimodal analysis, we propose to examine how the use of smell and taste shape pupils\u2019 engagement and the development of a non-visual knowledge of geography. Our research questions include: How do pupils try to make sense of this unusual material, in conjunction with the tactile, audio and tangible material used in this lesson? How does the special education teacher support the development of these interpretations? Multisensory material has the potential to support experiential and embodied learning: were these promises achieved? Our findings show how this multisensory map reconfigures spatial occupation and interaction dynamics, and that it has the potential to make the classroom more pervasive to pupils\u2019 social, spatial and emotional lives. In doing so, it provides opportunities for the teacher to develop citizenship education. The paper provides concrete examples of uses of smell and taste in learning activities to support engagement, and has implications for pedagogical design beyond special education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti2030036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T11:03:25Z","timestamp":1529924605000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An Exploratory Study of the Uses of a Multisensory Map\u2014With Visually Impaired Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emeline","family":"Brul\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) i3, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paristech, 46 Rue Barrault, 75013 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-ISIR), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale de l\u2019Aviation Civile (ENAC)\u2014University Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Gent\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) i3, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paristech, 46 Rue Barrault, 75013 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Jouffrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-IRIT), Toulouse University, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/09585176.2011.601685","article-title":"Teaching Geography 11\u201318: A Conceptual Approach","volume":"22","author":"Firth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curric. 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