{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:55:26Z","timestamp":1761562526815,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the growth in popularity of video games in our society many teachers have worked to incorporate gaming into their classroom. It is generally agreed that by adding something fun to the learning process students become more engaged and, consequently, retain more knowledge. However, although the characteristics of video games facilitate the dynamics of the educational process it is necessary to plan a pedagogical project that includes delimitation of learning goals and profile of the addressees, the conditions of application of the educational project, and the methodologies of evaluation of the learning progress. This is how we can make a real difference between gamification and video game based learning. The paper addresses the design of an educational resource for special education needs (SEN) students that aims to help teach communicative skills related to prosody. The technological choices made to support the pedagogic issues that underlie the educational product, the strategies to convert learning content into playful material, and the methodology to obtain measures of its playability and effectiveness are described. The results of the motivation test certified that the video game is useful in encouraging the users to exercise their voice and the indicators of the degree of achievement of the learning goals serve to identify the most affected prosodic skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti3030051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T11:02:37Z","timestamp":1562583757000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Learning Prosody in a Video Game-Based Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hispanic Philology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1","volume":"9","author":"Prensky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horizon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/950566.950595","article-title":"What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy","volume":"1","author":"Gee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Entertain."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"171","article-title":"Videojuegos y educaci\u00f3n","volume":"10","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comunicar"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gros, B. (2008). Videojuegos y Aprendizaje, Gra\u00f3."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.10.002","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in children with Down syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Wuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2012.00489.x","article-title":"Serious games as new educational tools: How effective are they? A meta-analysis of recent studies","volume":"29","author":"Girard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034857","article-title":"The benefits of playing video games","volume":"69","author":"Granic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fromme, J., and Unger, A. (2012). Computer Games and Digital Game Cultures: An Introduction. Computer Games and New Media Cultures: A Handbook of Digital Games Studies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2777-9"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandercruysse, S., Vandewaetere, M., and Clarebout, G. (2012). Game-based learning: A review on the effectiveness of educational games. Handbook of Research on Serious Games as Educational, Business and Research Tools, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-0149-9.ch032"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02504682","article-title":"Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De-Benito Crosetti, B., and Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, J.M.S. (2016). La investigaci\u00f3n basada en dise\u00f1o en Tecnolog\u00eda Educativa. Rev. Interuniv. Investig. Tecnol. Educ.","DOI":"10.6018\/riite2016\/260631"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/TLD.0b013e3181a71fe1","article-title":"Language characteristics of individuals with Down syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top. Lang. Disord."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/12-0148)","article-title":"Speech impairment in Down syndrome: A review","volume":"56","author":"Kent","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31439","article-title":"Down syndrome: Cognitive and behavioral functioning across the lifespan","volume":"169","author":"Grieco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2017.06.003","article-title":"Assessing pragmatic communication in children with Down syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2010.01.004","article-title":"Prosodic deficits in children with Down syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Stojanovik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurolinguist."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3109\/02699209508985328","article-title":"Juncture, rhythm and planning in the speech of an adult with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Heselwood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Linguist. Phon."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Adell, F., Aguilar, L., Corrales-Astorgano, M., and Escudero-Mancebo, D. (2018, January 17\u201319). Proceso de innovaci\u00f3n educativa en educaci\u00f3n especial: Ense\u00f1anza de la prosodia con fines comunicativos con el apoyo de un videojuego educativo. Proceedings of the 1st Congreso Internacional en Humanidades Digitales, Valladolid, Spain."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruttenden, A. (1997). Intonation, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139166973"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barth-Weingarten, D., Deh\u00e9, N., and Wichmann, A. (2009). Where Prosody Meets Pragmatics, Brill.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004253223"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Bolton, K., and Kachru, B.B. (2006). Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure, 1983. Rpt. World Englishes: Critical Concepts in Linguistics, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Pride, J.B., and Holmes, J. (1972). On communicative competence. Sociolinguistics: Selected Readings, Penguin."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"265","article-title":"Tecnolog\u00edas y metodolog\u00edas aplicadas en la ense\u00f1anza de la lectoescritura a personas con s\u00edndrome de Down","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digit. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Mac\u00edas Iglesias, J.A. (2007). Dise\u00f1o de Videojuegos aplicados a la Educaci\u00f3n Especial. Actas del VIII Congreso Internacional de Interacci\u00f3n Persona Ordenador (INTERACCI\u00d3N 2007), Dialnet. Available online: http:\/\/aipo. es\/articulos\/1\/12410.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2009.04.006","article-title":"Tools and technologies for computer-aided speech and language therapy","volume":"51","author":"Saz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2011.05.006","article-title":"A prelingual tool for the education of altered voices","volume":"54","author":"Saz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2015.04.002","article-title":"Tabby Talks: An automated tool for the assessment of childhood apraxia of speech","volume":"70","author":"Shahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Aguilar, L., de-la-Mota, C., and Prieto, P. (2019, May 15). Gu\u00eda Multimedia de la Prosodia del Espa\u00f1ol. 2009\u20132014. Available online: http:\/\/prado.uab.cat\/guia\/es\/."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2014.07.002","article-title":"Feasibility of augmenting text with visual prosodic cues to enhance oral reading","volume":"65","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3104\/reviews.108","article-title":"Language, cognition, and short-term memory in individuals with down syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Chapman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syndr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ponce, F.J. (2019, April 26). Accesibilidad, Educaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y la Comunicaci\u00f3n, CNIC-MEC. Available online: http:\/\/ares.cnice.mec.es\/informes\/17\/contenido\/indice.htm."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Tercedor, M. (2009). Materiales Multimedia Para Todos. Inclusi\u00f3n y Accesibilidad en Educaci\u00f3n, Tragacanto."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for easy-to-read materials","volume":"120","author":"Nomura","year":"2010","journal-title":"IFLA Prof. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Engaging Adolescents with Down Syndrome in an Educational Video Game","volume":"33","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.97.1.117","article-title":"Role of guidance, reflection, and interactivity in an agent-based multimedia game","volume":"97","author":"Moreno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2304\/eerj.2010.9.1.13","article-title":"Learning and Emotion: Perspectives for Theory and Research","volume":"9","author":"Hascher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Educ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/02568540109594972","article-title":"What General Educators Have To Say About Successfully Including Students With Down Syndrome in Their Classes","volume":"16","author":"Wolpert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Res. Child. Educ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladd, D.R. (2008). Intonational Phonology, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808814"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Sosa, J.M. (1999). La Entonaci\u00f3n del Espa\u00f1ol: Su Estructura F\u00f3nica, Variabilidad y Dialectolog\u00eda, C\u00e1tedra."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frota, S., and Prieto, P. (2015). Intonational variation in spanish: Euro- pean and american varieties. Intonational in Romance, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199685332.003.0007"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Corrales-Astorgano, M., Escudero-Mancebo, D., Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Y., Flores-Lucas, V., Gonz\u00e1lez-Ferreras, C.G., and Carde\u00f1oso-Payo, V. (2016, January 23\u201328). On the use of a serious game for recording a speech corpus of people with intellectual disabilities. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016), Portoro\u017e, Slovenia."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrales-Astorgano, M., Escudero-Mancebo, D., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Ferreras, C. (2016, January 23\u201325). Acoustic analysis of anomalous use of prosodic features in a corpus of people with intellectual disability. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages, Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49169-1_15"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nespor, M., and Vogel, I. (2007). Prosodic Phonology: With a New Foreword, Walter de Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110977790"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3304.627","article-title":"Speech and prosody characteristics of adults with mental retardation","volume":"33","author":"Shriberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"RAE-ASALE (La Asociaci\u00f3n de Academias de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola) (2011). Nueva Gram\u00e1tica B\u00e1sica de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola, Espasa."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.109","article-title":"The linguistic and cognitive profile of Down syndrome: Evidence from a comparison with fragile X syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Abbeduto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syndr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics, Longman."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3104\/reviews.58","article-title":"Language in adults with Down syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Rondal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Syndr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Dunn, L., Dunn, L., and Arribas, D. (2006). Test de Vocabulario en Im\u00e1genes Peabody, TEA."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Raven, J., Raven, J.C., and Court, J. (1993). Test de Matrices Progresivas: Manual\/Manual for Raven\u2019s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales, Number 159.9. 072, J C Raven Ltd."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2779(2000)6:2<84::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"The behavioral phenotype of Down syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Chapman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"134","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la capacidad intelectual en personas con s\u00edndrome de Down","volume":"21","author":"Ruiz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Sindr."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Aguilar, L., and Adell, F. (2019, April 26). Gu\u00eda Pedag\u00f3gica y Manual de Juego del Videojuego Educativo Pradia: Misterio en la Ciudad. Available online: www.pradia.net."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar, L., and Adell, F. (2018). Instrumento de evaluaci\u00f3n de un videojuego educativo facilitador del aprendizaje de habilidades pros\u00f3dicas y comunicativas. Rev. Educ. Distancia., 58.","DOI":"10.6018\/red\/58\/6"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Broadfoot, P., Daugherty, R., Gardner, J., Harlen, W., James, M., and Stobart, G. (2002). Assessment for Learning: 10 Principles: Research-Based Principles to Guide Classroom Practice, Assessment Reform Group-ARG."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"177","article-title":"Assessment for learning and pupils with special educational needs. A discussion of the findings emerging from the Assessment in Inclusive Settings project","volume":"1","author":"Watkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ric. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrales-Astorgano, M., Mart\u00ednez-Castilla, P., Escudero-Mancebo, D., Aguilar, L., Gonz\u00e1lez-Ferreras, C., and Carde\u00f1oso-Payo, V. (2019). Automatic Assessment of Prosodic Quality in Down Syndrome: Analysis of the Impact of Speaker Heterogeneity. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9071440"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawyer, R.K. (2006). Project-based learning. The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816833"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Schunk, D.H. (2012). Learning Theories an Educational Perspective, Pearson. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2779(1997)3:4<307::AID-MRDD5>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Language development in children and adolescents with Down syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Chapman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2018.03.006","article-title":"Acoustic characterization and perceptual analysis of the relative importance of prosody in speech of people with Down syndrome","volume":"99","year":"2018","journal-title":"Speech Commun."}],"container-title":["Multimodal Technologies and Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-4088\/3\/3\/51\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:03:31Z","timestamp":1760187811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-4088\/3\/3\/51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["mti3030051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti3030051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-4088"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2414-4088"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]}}}