{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:46:41Z","timestamp":1760240801982,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A shape-changing user interface is a type of interface that interacts with users by changing its physical form. Although researchers have been extensively studying shape-changing user interfaces, relevant research on its various design aspects\u2014including tools and methods\u2014remains limited. Prototyping shape-changing interfaces often requires sophisticated equipment and knowledge, which makes this sphere of design unwelcoming for designers with limited resources and technical knowledge (e.g., design students). In this study, we propose ClothSurface\u2014a simple and low-cost prototyping tool to design for shape displays\u2014and explore its use through a series of design sessions. The results reveal that ClothSurface can allow inexperienced designers to illustrate their ideas and to explore the design space of shape displays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti3030064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T11:02:01Z","timestamp":1568890921000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ClothSurface: Exploring a Low-Cost Prototyping Tool to Support Ideation for Shape Displays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8038-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey C. F.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Follmer, S., Leithinger, D., Olwal, A., Hogge, A., and Ishii, H. (2013, January 8\u201311). inFORM: Dynamic Physical Affordances and Constraints through Shape and Object Actuation. Proceedings of the 26th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Andrews, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502032"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419109534381","article-title":"The dialectics of sketching","volume":"4","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Creat. Res. 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