{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:11:34Z","timestamp":1760238694998,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19H01773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01773"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhythmic synchrony among different individuals has often been observed in various religious rituals and it has been known to bring various psychological effects in human minds. This study investigated the effects of induced rhythmic synchrony with artificial agents in drumming on participants\u2019 visual illusions. The participants completed a task with three cartoon agents on a computer screen beating drums taking turns. We then investigated whether participants were tended to find more meaningful shapes in displayed random dots (pareidolia) when rhythms of intervals between each agents\u2019 drumbeats were in-sync rather than out-of-sync. We simultaneously compared an active condition, in which participants took the role as one of three agents to beat a drum, with a passive condition, in which they only observed three agents beating the drums. The results showed that pareidolia appeared strongly in participants where the drum rhythm was in sync, regardless of active and passive conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti4030062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T08:53:43Z","timestamp":1598950423000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rhythmic Synchrony with Artificial Agents and Its Effects on Frequency of Visual Illusions Seen in White Noise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drossos, K., Kotsakis, R., Kalliris, G., and Floros, A. 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