{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:39:17Z","timestamp":1773927557962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes a virtual field trip application as a new type of immersive, multimodal, interactive, data visualization of a virtual arboretum. Deployed in a game engine, it is a large, open-world simulation, representing 100 hectares and ideal for use when free choice in navigation and high fidelity are required. Although the computer graphics are photorealistic, it is different and unique from other applications that use game art or 2D 360-degree video, because it reflects high information fidelity as a result of the domain expert review, and the integration of geographic information system (GIS) data with drone images. Combined in-game as a data visualization, it is ideal for generating past or future worlds, in addition to representations of the present. Fusing information from many data sources\u2014terrain data, waterbody data, plant inventory, population density data, accurate plant models, bioacoustics, and drone images\u2014its design process and methods could be repeated and used in a wide range of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications and devices. Results on presence, embodiment, emotions, engagement, and learning are summarized from prior pilot studies for context on use, and are relevant to schools, museums, arboretums, and botanical gardens interested in developing immersive informal learning applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti5040018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1618206720000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Designing a Virtual Arboretum as an Immersive, Multimodal, Interactive, Data Visualization Virtual Field Trip"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1899-4977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C. R.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Games and Interactive Media, Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA"}]},{"given":"Zack","family":"Bledsoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Games and Interactive Media, Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Games and Interactive Media, Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Games and Interactive Media, Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Games and Interactive Media, Nicholson School of Communication and Media, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-011-0189-7","article-title":"The Virtual Trillium Trail and the Empirical Effects of Freedom and Fidelity on Discovery-based Learning","volume":"16","author":"Harrington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2010.20","article-title":"Empirical Evidence of Priming, Transfer, Reinforcement, and Learning in the Real and Virtual Trillium Trails","volume":"4","author":"Harrington","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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