{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1778601716114,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With working from home becoming more normalized, creative workshops are increasingly taking place in digital and hybrid form. However, participants are usually less engaged and motivated in these contexts. This is due to less physical presence and activity, complex technical systems and a lack of social interaction and communication. This leaves the facilitators with the challenge that these creative workshops are sometimes not experienced as positively, and therefore participants are not able to work as creatively. An important approach that can strengthen these factors in workshops is the use of warm-ups as a type of playful intervention. Although some research on and compilations of warm-ups exist and may help the situation, they do not yet provide direction on how to specifically promote a positive experience in creative workshops with warm-ups. An important link here is user experience research, which assumes that positive experiences are due to the fulfilment of psychological needs. Based on research about warm-ups and playful interventions in general, we derive categories for classifying warm-ups that can potentially address several specific psychological needs. Then, 28 warm-ups are selected according to their applicability in analogue, digital and hybrid application spaces. Moreover, those 28 warm-ups are assigned to the two most relevant classifying categories. The results are mapped in the form of a ready-to-use Warm UP Set, which is then evaluated for applicability from the facilitators\u2019 perspective and regarding the influence on the emotional experience of the participants. The evaluation shows that the developed Warm UP Set with its categories seems to be suitable to support facilitators in systematically inducing positive experiences in participants in creative workshops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti6100090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T22:21:11Z","timestamp":1665699671000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Designing Positive Experiences in Creative Workshops at Work Using a Warm UP Set Based on Psychological Needs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3472-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Elisabeth","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Minet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/joop.12338","article-title":"Interventions to support autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs in organizations: A systematic review with recommendations for research and practice","volume":"94","author":"Slemp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Occup. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/10464964211015286","article-title":"Virtual Work Meetings During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Good, Bad, and Ugly","volume":"53","author":"Karl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Group Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassenzahl, M. (2003). The thing and I: Understanding the relationship between user and product. Funology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2967-5_4"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"21","article-title":"Designing moments of meaning and pleasure. Experience design and happiness","volume":"7","author":"Hassenzahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Des."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.97","article-title":"Toward a comprehensive assessment of fundamental motivation: Factor structure of the Reiss Profiles","volume":"10","author":"Reiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.80.2.325","article-title":"What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs","volume":"80","author":"Sheldon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.04.002","article-title":"Needs, affect, and interactive products\u2013Facets of user experience","volume":"22","author":"Hassenzahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Well-being, need fulfillment, and Experience Design","volume":"25","author":"Hassenzahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Designing Wellbeing Workshop"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fronemann, N., and Peissner, M. (2014, January 26\u201330). User experience concept exploration: User needs as a source for innovation. Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Fun, Fast, Foundational-NordiCHI \u201914, Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2641203"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmet, P., and Fokkinga, S. (2020). Beyond Maslow\u2019s Pyramid: Introducing a Typology of Thirteen Fundamental Needs for Human-Centered Design. Multimodal Technol. Interact., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/mti4030038"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/21594937.2017.1383000","article-title":"Enhancing team creativity with playful improvisation theater: A controlled intervention field study","volume":"6","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Play"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Kreativit\u00e4tsf\u00f6rderung in der virtuellen Gruppenarbeit","volume":"58","author":"Gebbing","year":"2021","journal-title":"HMD Prax. Wirtsch."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Schmieden, K., Mayer, L., Taheri, M., Traifeh, H., and Meinel, C. (2021). Razors for Arctic VIP Travelers: Using Warm-Up Games in MOOCs. Design Thinking Research, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62037-0_7"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osann, I., Mayer, L., and Wiele, I. (2020). Design Thinking Schnellstart: Kreative Workshops Gestalten; Lernlogbuch, Phasen-Check, Handwerkszeug, Dokumentation, Agendabeispiele, Hanser Verl.. 2., \u00fcberarbeitete und erweiterte Ed.","DOI":"10.3139\/9783446462687"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.23.6.514","article-title":"A comparison of four warm-up techniques for initiating encounter groups","volume":"23","author":"Friedman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). \u201cWorkshop Methoden: 24 Interaktive Ideen f\u00fcr Dich-Die Ultimative Liste\u201d. Workshop Helden, Available online: https:\/\/workshop-helden.de\/workshop-methoden\/."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). \u201cDie Top 5 Remote Warmup-Spiele f\u00fcr Workshops & Meetings\u201d. Sprintbetter, Available online: https:\/\/sprintbetter.de\/remote_warmups\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"B\u00fcntemeyer, L. (2022, April 11). Dieser Trick sorgt f\u00fcr Produktivere Meetings. Available online: https:\/\/www.impulse.de\/management\/unternehmensfuehrung\/warm-up-vor-meetings\/7472994.html."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). Online Warm Ups & Energizers | MURAL Blog. Available online: https:\/\/www.mural.co\/blog\/online-warm-ups-energizers."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Kunz, F. (2022, April 11). Remote Warm-Ups: Best Practices f\u00fcr euer N\u00e4chstes Online-Meeting. Available online: https:\/\/www.handelskraft.de\/remote-warm-ups\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). Warm Up Games and Exercises | IAF Library. Available online: https:\/\/www.sessionlab.com\/team\/iaf\/library\/warm-ups."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Nemitz, N., and Alpermann, R. (2022, May 22). DIGITAL WARM-UP GUIDE, Inspirationen f\u00fcr Remote Teams, WARM-UPS I ENGERGIZER I ACHTSAMKEITS\u00dcBUNGEN. Available online: https:\/\/berlin-innovators.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Digital_Warmup_Guide_v1.1_ger_03_2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Seidl, T., and Kolbert, L. (2022, May 22). Digitale Interaktion, Vertrauenskarten & Take-A-Break-Karten f\u00fcr Online-Meetings &-Workshops. Available online: https:\/\/hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de\/sites\/default\/files\/dateien\/Methodenset_Digitale_Vertrauens_Take-A-Break_Karten_2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2015.01.002","article-title":"Embodied creativity training: Effects on creative self-efficacy and creative production","volume":"16","author":"Byrge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Think. Ski. Creat."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luppold, S., Himmel, W., and Frank, H.-J. (2021). Angewandte Improvisation\u2013online echten Kontakt erzeugen. Ber\u00fchrende Online-Veranstaltungen: So Gelingen Digitale Events Mit Emotionaler Wirkung, Springer Fachmedien.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-33918-0"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-021-00489-9","article-title":"Benefits of a Brief Physical Activity Programme on Employees\u2019 Affective Well-being and Momentary Affective States: A Quasi-Experimental Study","volume":"23","author":"Courbalay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"100617","article-title":"Fostering psychological safety: Using improvisation as a team building tool in management education","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Educ."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"135","article-title":"Lessons from Improve Theatre: Applying Improvisational Concepts and Techniques to LIS","volume":"96","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spec. Issue TLA 2020 Contrib. Pap."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000354","article-title":"Participation in life-review playback theater enhances mental health of community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Keisari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/15401383.2020.1754987","article-title":"Improv to Improve: The Impact of Improvisational Theater on Creativity, Acceptance, and Psychological Well-Being","volume":"16","author":"Schwenke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Creat. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5539\/elt.v13n9p40","article-title":"The Effects of Integrating Board Games into Ice-Breaking Activities in a Fifth-Grade English Class to Reduce Students\u2019 Anxieties","volume":"13","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engl. Lang. Teach."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"6","article-title":"Using Ice-Breakers In Improving Every Factor Which Considered In Testing Learners Speaking Ability","volume":"7","author":"Yeganehpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"IJONTE"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.0c00750","article-title":"Online Group Work with a Large Cohort: Challenges and New Benefits","volume":"97","author":"Hurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Johnstone, K., Wardle, I., Tabori, G., and Schreyer, P.C. (2016). Improvisation und Theater, Alexander-Verlag. [13th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Johnstone, K., and Schreyer, C. (2016). Theaterspiele: Spontaneit\u00e4t, Improvisation und Theatersport, Alexander-Verlag. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Walesch, B. (2022, October 02). \u201cImprovisation Theatre Course (Mainly after Keith Johnstone)\u201d. Available online: https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/benedict-walesch-4b3376244\/."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Ewald, R. (2022, October 02). \u201cImprovisation Theatre Course (According to Keith Johnstone, among Others)\u201d. Available online: https:\/\/improwiki.com\/profile\/R%C3%BCdiger%20Ewald\/de."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Klehr, B. (2022, October 02). \u201cGives Digital and Physical Improvisation Theatre Courses\u201d. Available online: https:\/\/www.die-gorillas.de\/ensemble\/barbara-klehr.htm."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Guertler, J. (2022, October 02). \u201cDesign Thinking\u2014Warm UPs\u201d. Available online: http:\/\/www.jochenguertler.de\/."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Plattner, H., Meinel, C., and Weinberg, U. (2009). Design-Thinking, Springer."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Kelley, T., and Kelley, D. (2013). Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Creative Potential within Us All, William Collins."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger, A.E., Peissner, M., Fronemann, N., and Pollmann, K. BUILDING IDEAS: Guided Design for Experience. Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, D.L., and Krueger, R.A. (1998). Moderating Focus Groups, Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483328171"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"DILTS, R.B. (2018). Changing Belief Systems with Nlp, DILTS STRATEGY Group."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.17011\/ht\/urn.201808103815","article-title":"Designing for positive user experience in work contexts: Experience categories and their applications","volume":"14","author":"Zeiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Burmester, M., Laib, M., and Zeiner, K.M. (2017). Positive Erlebnisse und Wohlbefinden in Arbeitskontexten durch Gestaltung der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion. Positiv-Psychologische Forschung im Deutschsprachigen Raum\u2013State of the Art, Pabst Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edmondson, A.C. (2020). Die Angstfreie Organisation, Verlag C.H.Beck.","DOI":"10.15358\/9783800660681"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Trompenaars, F., and Hampden-Turner, C. (1997). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understand Cultural Diversity in Business, Nicholas Brealey Publishing."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture\u2019s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values, SAGE Publications Ltd.. Available online: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/job.4030030208."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Hall, E.T. (1959). The Silent Language, Fawcett Publications. Fawcett premier book."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2011.07.002","article-title":"The dilemma of the hedonic\u2013Appreciated, but hard to justify","volume":"23","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Hermosa Perrino, C., Burmester, M., Spohrer, A., Fink, V., and Zeiner, K.M. (2021). The Positive X-Warum klappt das nicht?. Mensch Comput. 2021-Usability Prof."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Zeiner, K.M., Laib, M., Schippert, K., and Burmester, M. (2016). Das Erlebnisinterview\u2013Methode zum Verst\u00e4ndnis positiver Erlebnisse: Praktische Einf\u00fchrung und Diskussion von Implikationen zur UX-Gestaltungspraxis. Comput. Sci. Sociol. Usability Prof."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeiner, K.M., Laib, M., Schippert, K., and Burmester, M. (2016). Identifying Experience Categories to Design for Positive Experiences with Technology at Work. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892548"}],"container-title":["Multimodal Technologies and Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-4088\/6\/10\/90\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:12Z","timestamp":1760143992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-4088\/6\/10\/90"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["mti6100090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti6100090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-4088"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-4088","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]}}}