{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:21:41Z","timestamp":1784334101829,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Accessimap project","award":["ANR-14-CE17-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-14-CE17-0018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decade, several projects have demonstrated how interactive tactile graphics and tangible interfaces can improve and enrich access to information for people with vision impairments. While the former can be used to display a relatively large amount of information, they cannot be physically updated, which constrains the type of tasks that they can support. On the other hand, tangible interfaces are particularly suited for the (re)construction and manipulation of graphics, but the use of physical objects also restricts the type and amount of information that they can convey. We propose to bridge the gap between these two approaches by investigating the potential of tactile and tangible graphics for people with vision impairments. Working closely with special education teachers, we designed and developed the FlexiBoard, an affordable and portable system that enhances traditional tactile graphics with tangible interaction. In this paper, we report on the successive design steps that enabled us to identify and consider technical and design requirements. We thereafter explore two domains of application for the FlexiBoard: education and board games. Firstly, we report on one brainstorming session that we organized with four teachers in order to explore the application space of tangible and tactile graphics for educational activities. Secondly, we describe how the FlexiBoard enabled the successful adaptation of one visual board game into a multimodal accessible game that supports collaboration between sighted, low-vision and blind players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti8030017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1709011232000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The FlexiBoard: Tangible and Tactile Graphics for People with Vision Impairments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Raynal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ducasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.-M.","family":"Mac\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires (IRISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Oriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Jouffrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31062 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory on Artifical Intelligence (IPAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Singapore 117417, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2007.05.080","article-title":"Advancing participation of blind students in science, technology, engineering, and math","volume":"42","author":"Riccobono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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