{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:57:55Z","timestamp":1777658275875,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mercedes-Benz AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reports on a longitudinal experiment in which the influence of an assistive system\u2019s malfunctioning and transparency on trust was examined over a period of seven days. To this end, we simulated the system\u2019s personalized recommendation features to support participants with the task of learning new texts and taking quizzes. Using a 2 \u00d7 2 mixed design, the system\u2019s malfunctioning (correct vs. faulty) and transparency (with vs. without explanation) were manipulated as between-subjects variables, whereas exposure time was used as a repeated-measure variable. A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach was used to analyze the data from 171 participants. Our results show that participants perceived the system making a faulty recommendation as a trust violation. Additionally, a trend emerged from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses regarding how the availability of explanations (even when not accessed) increased the perception of a trustworthy system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti8030020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1709263883000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trust Development and Explainability: A Longitudinal Study with a Personalized Assistive System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setareh","family":"Zafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"de Pagter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Linke Wienzeile 246, 1150 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Papagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alischa","family":"Rosenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercedes-Benz AG, Benz-Str., 71063 Sindelfingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Filzmoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Institute of Management Science Theresianumgasse 27, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4671-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine T.","family":"Koeszegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Institute of Management Science Theresianumgasse 27, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-004-2229-8","article-title":"Antecedents of trust: Establishing a boundary condition for the relation between propensity to trust and intention to trust","volume":"19","author":"Gill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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