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Participants (N = 30) interacted with 12 objects in VR. The interaction was varied by odor congruency (i.e., the odor matched the object\u2019s visual appearance, the odor did not match the object\u2019s visual appearance, or the object had no odor); odor quality (i.e., an authentic or a synthetic odor); and interaction type (i.e., participants could look and manipulate or could only look at objects). After interacting with the 12 objects, incidental memory performance was measured with a free recall task. In addition, the participants rated the pleasantness and arousal of the interaction with each object. The results showed that the participants remembered significantly more objects with congruent odors than objects with incongruent odors or odorless objects. Furthermore, interaction with congruent objects was rated significantly more pleasant and relaxed than interaction with incongruent objects. Odor quality and interaction type did not have significant effects on recall or emotional ratings. These results can be utilized in the development of multisensory VR applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti8060042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T05:40:47Z","timestamp":1716270047000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recall of Odorous Objects in Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"Rantala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Poika","family":"Isokoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"V\u00e4liaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2220-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Kontunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2890-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasi","family":"Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veikko","family":"Surakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.09.036","article-title":"The Influence of Scent on Virtual Reality Experiences: The Role of Aroma-Content Congruence","volume":"123","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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