{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:46:57Z","timestamp":1767422817024,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["36933\/31\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["36933\/31\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MTI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes a pilot project studying the potential benefits of using virtual reality (VR) in design reviews of cruise ship interiors. The research was conducted as part of a 2020\u20132022 research project targeting at sustainable shipbuilding methods. It was directly connected to an ongoing cruise ship building project, executed in cooperation with four companies constructing interiors. The goal was to use VR reviews instead of, or in addition to, constructing physical mock-up sections of the ship interiors, with expected improvements in sustainability and stakeholder communication. A number of virtual 3D models were created, imported into a virtual reality environment, and presented to customers. Experiences were collected through interviews and surveys from both the construction companies and customers. The results indicate that VR can be an efficient tool for design reviews. The designs can often be evaluated better in VR than using traditional methods. Material savings are possible by using virtual mock-ups instead of physical ones. However, it was also discovered that the visual rendering capabilities of the used software environment do not provide the realism that would be desired in some reviews. To overcome this limitation, more resources would be needed in preparing the models for VR reviews.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mti9070072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1752591665000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virtual Reality Applied to Design Reviews in Shipbuilding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seppo","family":"Helle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taneli","family":"Nyyss\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Sakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTRL Reality Ltd., Eerikinkatu 6b, 20100 Turku, Finland"}]},{"given":"Teijo","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"CTRL Reality Ltd., Eerikinkatu 6b, 20100 Turku, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, April 16). 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