{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:21:47Z","timestamp":1778221307756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant"},{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Network"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blockchain\u2019s decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature offers a promising solution to enhance security, trust, and efficiency in supply chains. While integrating blockchain into the SCM process poses significant challenges, including technical, operational, and regulatory issues, this review analyzes blockchain\u2019s potential in SCM with a focus on the key challenges encountered when applying blockchain in this domain\u2014such as scalability limitations, interoperability barriers, high implementation costs, and privacy as well as data security concerns. The key contributions are as follows: (1) applications of blockchain across major SCM domains\u2014including pharmaceuticals, healthcare, logistics, and agri-food; (2) SCM functions that benefit from blockchain integration; (3) how blockchain\u2019s properties is reshaping modern SCM processes; (4) the challenges faced by businesses while integrating blockchain into supply chains; (5) a critical evaluation of existing solutions and their limitations, categorized into three main domains; (6) unresolved issues highlighted in dedicated \u201cCritical Issues to Consider\u201d sections; (7) synergies with big data, IoT, and AI for secure and intelligent supply chains, along with challenges of emerging solutions; and (8) unexplored domains for blockchain in SCM. By synthesizing current research and industry insights, this study offers practical guidance and outlines future directions for building scalable and resilient global trade networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/network5030034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1756217929000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unlocking Blockchain\u2019s Potential in Supply Chain Management: A Review of Challenges, Applications, and Emerging Solutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1136-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahafuja","family":"Khatun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasneem","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moosavi, J., Naeni, L., Fathollahi-Fard, A., and Fiore, U. 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